diff --git a/docs/07-bootstrapping-etcd.md b/docs/07-bootstrapping-etcd.md
index b1b2b8e..c8475a6 100644
--- a/docs/07-bootstrapping-etcd.md
+++ b/docs/07-bootstrapping-etcd.md
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ Kubernetes components are stateless and store cluster state in [etcd](https://gi
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-The commands in this lab must be run on each controller instance: `controller-1`, `controller-2`, and `controller-3`. Login to each controller instance:
+The commands in this chapter must be run on each controller instance: `controller-1`, `controller-2`, and `controller-3`. Login to each controller node:
 
 ```
-$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa-k8s.pub 10.240.0.11
+$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa-k8s 10.240.0.11
 ```
 
 ### Running commands in parallel with tmux
@@ -43,22 +43,22 @@ $ {
 }
 ```
 
-The instance internal IP address will be used to serve client requests and communicate with etcd cluster peers. Retrieve the internal IP address for the current compute instance:
+The virtual machine's IP address will be used to serve client requests and communicate with etcd cluster peers. Get IP address for the current virtual machine:
 
 ```
 $ INTERNAL_IP=$(ip a s | grep 'inet 10' | awk  '{ print $2 }' | awk -F"/" '{ print $1 }')
 ```
 
-Each etcd member must have a unique name within an etcd cluster. Set the etcd name to match the hostname of the current compute instance:
+Each etcd member must have a unique name within an etcd cluster. Set the etcd name to match the hostname of the current virtual machine:
 
 ```
-ETCD_NAME=$(hostname -s)
+$ ETCD_NAME=$(hostname -s)
 ```
 
 Create the `etcd.service` systemd unit file:
 
 ```
-cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
+$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
 [Unit]
 Description=etcd
 Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ EOF
 ### Start the etcd Server
 
 ```
-{
+$ {
   sudo systemctl daemon-reload
   sudo systemctl enable etcd
   sudo systemctl start etcd
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ EOF
 List the etcd cluster members:
 
 ```
-sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl member list \
+$ sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl member list \
   --endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
   --cacert=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
   --cert=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \