diff --git a/docs/02-jumpbox.md b/docs/02-jumpbox.md
index 5caddda..894a7a7 100644
--- a/docs/02-jumpbox.md
+++ b/docs/02-jumpbox.md
@@ -16,23 +16,23 @@ components throughout this tutorial.
 Log in to the `jumpbox`:
 
 ```bash
-ssh root@jumpbox
+ssh vagrant@jumpbox
 ```
 
-All commands will be run as the `root` user. This is being done for the sake
+All commands will be run as the `vagrant` user. This is being done for the sake
 of convenience, and will help reduce the number of commands required to set
 everything up.
 
 ### Install Command Line Utilities
 
-Now that you are logged into the `jumpbox` machine as the `root` user, you will
+Now that you are logged into the `jumpbox` machine as the `vagrant` user, you will
 install the command line utilities that will be used to preform various tasks
 throughout the tutorial.
 
 ```bash
 {
-  apt-get update
-  apt-get -y install wget curl vim openssl git
+  sudo apt-get update
+  sudo apt-get -y install wget curl vim openssl git
 }
 ```
 
diff --git a/docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controlplane.md b/docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controlplane.md
index 201098c..4a85cc8 100644
--- a/docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controlplane.md
+++ b/docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controlplane.md
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ The commands in this section will affect the entire cluster and only need to be
 run on the `controlplane` machine.
 
 ```bash
-ssh root@controlplane
+ssh vagrant@controlplane
 ```
 
 Create the `system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet` [ClusterRole] with permissions
diff --git a/virtual-machines/ubuntu/root.sh b/virtual-machines/ubuntu/root.sh
index 1454542..598e1e2 100644
--- a/virtual-machines/ubuntu/root.sh
+++ b/virtual-machines/ubuntu/root.sh
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 # commands.
 
 # Set the root user password
-echo -e "vagrant\nvagrant" | passwd root
+echo -e "vagrant\nvagrant" | sudo passwd root
 
 # unlock the root user
-passwd -u root
+sudo passwd -u root
 
 # Enable root SSH login
-sed -i 's/^#*PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
+sudo sed -i 's/^#*PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 
-systemctl restart sshd
+sudo systemctl restart sshd
 
 echo "root account setup script done"
\ No newline at end of file