update to kubernetes 1.27.4
Alessandro Lenzen
parent
79a3f79b27
commit
af7ffdb8e6
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@ -1,50 +1,8 @@
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admin-csr.json
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admin-key.pem
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admin.csr
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admin.pem
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admin.kubeconfig
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ca-config.json
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ca-csr.json
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ca-key.pem
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ca.csr
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ca.pem
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encryption-config.yaml
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kube-controller-manager-csr.json
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kube-controller-manager-key.pem
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kube-controller-manager.csr
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kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
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kube-controller-manager.pem
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kube-scheduler-csr.json
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kube-scheduler-key.pem
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kube-scheduler.csr
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kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
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kube-scheduler.pem
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kube-proxy-csr.json
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kube-proxy-key.pem
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kube-proxy.csr
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kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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kube-proxy.pem
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kubernetes-csr.json
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kubernetes-key.pem
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kubernetes.csr
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kubernetes.pem
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worker-0-csr.json
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worker-0-key.pem
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worker-0.csr
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worker-0.kubeconfig
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worker-0.pem
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worker-1-csr.json
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worker-1-key.pem
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worker-1.csr
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worker-1.kubeconfig
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worker-1.pem
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worker-2-csr.json
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worker-2-key.pem
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worker-2.csr
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worker-2.kubeconfig
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worker-2.pem
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service-account-key.pem
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service-account.csr
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service-account.pem
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service-account-csr.json
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*.swp
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*.csr
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*.json
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*.kubeconfig
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*.pem
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*.yaml
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cfssl
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cfssljson
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kubectl
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@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
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# Contributing
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This project is made possible by contributors like YOU! While all contributions are welcomed, please be sure and follow the following suggestions to help your PR get merged.
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## License
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This project uses an [Apache license](LICENSE). Be sure you're comfortable with the implications of that before working up a patch.
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This project uses a [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International](./LICENSE). Be sure you're comfortable with the implications of that before working up a patch.
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## Review and merge process
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@ -15,4 +17,3 @@ Here are some examples of the review and justification process:
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## Notes on minutiae
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If you find a bug that breaks the guide, please do submit it. If you are considering a minor copy edit for tone, grammar, or simple inconsistent whitespace, consider the tradeoff between maintainer time and community benefit before investing too much of your time.
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@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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# Copyright
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574
LICENSE
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LICENSE
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its terms and conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section
|
||||
6(a).
|
||||
|
||||
4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The
|
||||
Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in
|
||||
all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created,
|
||||
and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The
|
||||
Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or
|
||||
authority to forbid You from making technical modifications
|
||||
necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including
|
||||
technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective
|
||||
Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License,
|
||||
simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)
|
||||
(4) never produces Adapted Material.
|
||||
|
||||
5. Downstream recipients.
|
||||
|
||||
a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every
|
||||
recipient of the Licensed Material automatically
|
||||
receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the
|
||||
Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this
|
||||
Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
b. Additional offer from the Licensor -- Adapted Material.
|
||||
Every recipient of Adapted Material from You
|
||||
automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to
|
||||
exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material
|
||||
under the conditions of the Adapter's License You apply.
|
||||
|
||||
c. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose
|
||||
any additional or different terms or conditions on, or
|
||||
apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the
|
||||
Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the
|
||||
Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed
|
||||
Material.
|
||||
|
||||
6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or
|
||||
may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You
|
||||
are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected
|
||||
with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by,
|
||||
the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as
|
||||
provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
|
||||
|
||||
b. Other rights.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not
|
||||
licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity,
|
||||
privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to
|
||||
the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to
|
||||
assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited
|
||||
extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed
|
||||
Rights, but not otherwise.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this
|
||||
Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to
|
||||
collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed
|
||||
Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society
|
||||
under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory
|
||||
licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly
|
||||
reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when
|
||||
the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial
|
||||
purposes.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 3 -- License Conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the
|
||||
following conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
a. Attribution.
|
||||
|
||||
1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified
|
||||
form), You must:
|
||||
|
||||
a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor
|
||||
with the Licensed Material:
|
||||
|
||||
i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed
|
||||
Material and any others designated to receive
|
||||
attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by
|
||||
the Licensor (including by pseudonym if
|
||||
designated);
|
||||
|
||||
ii. a copyright notice;
|
||||
|
||||
iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
|
||||
|
||||
iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of
|
||||
warranties;
|
||||
|
||||
v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the
|
||||
extent reasonably practicable;
|
||||
|
||||
b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and
|
||||
retain an indication of any previous modifications; and
|
||||
|
||||
c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this
|
||||
Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or
|
||||
hyperlink to, this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any
|
||||
reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in
|
||||
which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be
|
||||
reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or
|
||||
hyperlink to a resource that includes the required
|
||||
information.
|
||||
3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the
|
||||
information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent
|
||||
reasonably practicable.
|
||||
|
||||
b. ShareAlike.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share
|
||||
Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.
|
||||
|
||||
1. The Adapter's License You apply must be a Creative Commons
|
||||
license with the same License Elements, this version or
|
||||
later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.
|
||||
|
||||
2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the
|
||||
Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition
|
||||
in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and
|
||||
context in which You Share Adapted Material.
|
||||
|
||||
3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms
|
||||
or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological
|
||||
Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the
|
||||
rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.
|
||||
|
||||
Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that
|
||||
apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:
|
||||
|
||||
a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right
|
||||
to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial
|
||||
portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes
|
||||
only;
|
||||
|
||||
b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database
|
||||
contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database
|
||||
Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database
|
||||
Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material,
|
||||
including for purposes of Section 3(b); and
|
||||
|
||||
c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share
|
||||
all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
|
||||
|
||||
For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not
|
||||
replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed
|
||||
Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
|
||||
|
||||
a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE
|
||||
EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS
|
||||
AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF
|
||||
ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS,
|
||||
IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
|
||||
WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
|
||||
PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS,
|
||||
ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT
|
||||
KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT
|
||||
ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
|
||||
|
||||
b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE
|
||||
TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
|
||||
NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT,
|
||||
INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES,
|
||||
COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR
|
||||
USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN
|
||||
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR
|
||||
DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR
|
||||
IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
|
||||
|
||||
c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
|
||||
above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent
|
||||
possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and
|
||||
waiver of all liability.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 6 -- Term and Termination.
|
||||
|
||||
a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and
|
||||
Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with
|
||||
this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License
|
||||
terminate automatically.
|
||||
|
||||
b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
|
||||
Section 6(a), it reinstates:
|
||||
|
||||
1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided
|
||||
it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the
|
||||
violation; or
|
||||
|
||||
2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
|
||||
|
||||
For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any
|
||||
right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations
|
||||
of this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the
|
||||
Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop
|
||||
distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so
|
||||
will not terminate this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
|
||||
License.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different
|
||||
terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
|
||||
|
||||
b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
|
||||
Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and
|
||||
independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Section 8 -- Interpretation.
|
||||
|
||||
a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and
|
||||
shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose
|
||||
conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully
|
||||
be made without permission under this Public License.
|
||||
|
||||
b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
|
||||
deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the
|
||||
minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision
|
||||
cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License
|
||||
without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and
|
||||
conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
|
||||
failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the
|
||||
Licensor.
|
||||
|
||||
d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted
|
||||
as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities
|
||||
that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal
|
||||
processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
|
||||
|
||||
=======================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Creative Commons is not a party to its public
|
||||
licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of
|
||||
its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances
|
||||
will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons
|
||||
public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public
|
||||
Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that
|
||||
material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as
|
||||
otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at
|
||||
creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the
|
||||
use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo
|
||||
of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including,
|
||||
without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications
|
||||
to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements,
|
||||
understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For
|
||||
the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the
|
||||
public licenses.
|
||||
|
||||
Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
|
||||
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
|
||||
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
|
||||
limitations under the License.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
46
README.md
46
README.md
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Kubernetes The Hard Way
|
||||
|
||||
This tutorial walks you through setting up Kubernetes the hard way. This guide is not for people looking for a fully automated command to bring up a Kubernetes cluster. If that's you then check out [Google Kubernetes Engine](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine), or the [Getting Started Guides](https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup).
|
||||
This tutorial walks you through setting up Kubernetes the hard way. This guide is not for people looking for a fully automated command to bring up a Kubernetes cluster. If that's you then check out [Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine), or the [Getting started](https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/) section of the Kubernetes documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
Kubernetes The Hard Way is optimized for learning, which means taking the long route to ensure you understand each task required to bootstrap a Kubernetes cluster.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ Kubernetes The Hard Way is optimized for learning, which means taking the long r
|
|||
|
||||
## Copyright
|
||||
|
||||
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.
|
||||
|
||||
<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.
|
||||
|
||||
## Target Audience
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -19,27 +18,28 @@ The target audience for this tutorial is someone planning to support a productio
|
|||
|
||||
Kubernetes The Hard Way guides you through bootstrapping a highly available Kubernetes cluster with end-to-end encryption between components and RBAC authentication.
|
||||
|
||||
* [kubernetes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) v1.21.0
|
||||
* [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) v1.4.4
|
||||
* [coredns](https://github.com/coredns/coredns) v1.8.3
|
||||
* [cni](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni) v0.9.1
|
||||
* [etcd](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd) v3.4.15
|
||||
* [etcd](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd) v3.5.9
|
||||
* [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) v1.7.3
|
||||
* [runc](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc) v1.1.8
|
||||
* [cni-plugins](https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins) v1.3.0
|
||||
* [kubernetes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) v1.27.4
|
||||
* [coredns](https://github.com/coredns/coredns) v1.10.1
|
||||
|
||||
## Labs
|
||||
|
||||
This tutorial assumes you have access to the [Google Cloud Platform](https://cloud.google.com). While GCP is used for basic infrastructure requirements the lessons learned in this tutorial can be applied to other platforms.
|
||||
This tutorial assumes you have access to the [Google Cloud Platform (GCP)](https://cloud.google.com). While GCP is used for basic infrastructure requirements the lessons learned in this tutorial can be applied to other platforms.
|
||||
|
||||
* [Prerequisites](docs/01-prerequisites.md)
|
||||
* [Installing the Client Tools](docs/02-client-tools.md)
|
||||
* [Provisioning Compute Resources](docs/03-compute-resources.md)
|
||||
* [Provisioning the CA and Generating TLS Certificates](docs/04-certificate-authority.md)
|
||||
* [Generating Kubernetes Configuration Files for Authentication](docs/05-kubernetes-configuration-files.md)
|
||||
* [Generating the Data Encryption Config and Key](docs/06-data-encryption-keys.md)
|
||||
* [Bootstrapping the etcd Cluster](docs/07-bootstrapping-etcd.md)
|
||||
* [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Control Plane](docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md)
|
||||
* [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Worker Nodes](docs/09-bootstrapping-kubernetes-workers.md)
|
||||
* [Configuring kubectl for Remote Access](docs/10-configuring-kubectl.md)
|
||||
* [Provisioning Pod Network Routes](docs/11-pod-network-routes.md)
|
||||
* [Deploying the DNS Cluster Add-on](docs/12-dns-addon.md)
|
||||
* [Smoke Test](docs/13-smoke-test.md)
|
||||
* [Cleaning Up](docs/14-cleanup.md)
|
||||
* [Prerequisites](./docs/01-prerequisites.md)
|
||||
* [Installing the Client Tools](./docs/02-client-tools.md)
|
||||
* [Provisioning Compute Resources](./docs/03-compute-resources.md)
|
||||
* [Provisioning the CA and Generating TLS Certificates](./docs/04-certificate-authority.md)
|
||||
* [Generating Kubernetes Configuration Files for Authentication](./docs/05-kubernetes-configuration-files.md)
|
||||
* [Generating the Data Encryption Config and Key](./docs/06-data-encryption-keys.md)
|
||||
* [Bootstrapping the etcd Cluster](./docs/07-bootstrapping-etcd.md)
|
||||
* [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Control Plane](./docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md)
|
||||
* [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Worker Nodes](./docs/09-bootstrapping-kubernetes-workers.md)
|
||||
* [Configuring kubectl for Remote Access](./docs/10-configuring-kubectl.md)
|
||||
* [Provisioning Pod Network Routes](./docs/11-pod-network-routes.md)
|
||||
* [Deploying the DNS Cluster Add-on](./docs/12-dns-addon.md)
|
||||
* [Smoke Test](./docs/13-smoke-test.md)
|
||||
* [Cleaning Up](./docs/14-cleanup.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Copyright 2016 The Kubernetes Authors.
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
|
||||
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
|
||||
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
|
||||
#
|
||||
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
|
||||
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
|
||||
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
|
||||
# limitations under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Service
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: kube-dns
|
||||
namespace: kube-system
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
|
||||
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
|
||||
kubernetes.io/name: "KubeDNS"
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
clusterIP: 10.32.0.10
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: dns
|
||||
port: 53
|
||||
protocol: UDP
|
||||
- name: dns-tcp
|
||||
port: 53
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: ServiceAccount
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: kube-dns
|
||||
namespace: kube-system
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
|
||||
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: ConfigMap
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: kube-dns
|
||||
namespace: kube-system
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: apps/v1
|
||||
kind: Deployment
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: kube-dns
|
||||
namespace: kube-system
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
|
||||
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
# replicas: not specified here:
|
||||
# 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.
|
||||
# 2. Default is 1.
|
||||
# 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
|
||||
strategy:
|
||||
rollingUpdate:
|
||||
maxSurge: 10%
|
||||
maxUnavailable: 0
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
matchLabels:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
template:
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
tolerations:
|
||||
- key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
|
||||
operator: "Exists"
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- name: kube-dns-config
|
||||
configMap:
|
||||
name: kube-dns
|
||||
optional: true
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: kubedns
|
||||
image: gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.7
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
# TODO: Set memory limits when we've profiled the container for large
|
||||
# clusters, then set request = limit to keep this container in
|
||||
# guaranteed class. Currently, this container falls into the
|
||||
# "burstable" category so the kubelet doesn't backoff from restarting it.
|
||||
limits:
|
||||
memory: 170Mi
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
cpu: 100m
|
||||
memory: 70Mi
|
||||
livenessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /healthcheck/kubedns
|
||||
port: 10054
|
||||
scheme: HTTP
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 60
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
successThreshold: 1
|
||||
failureThreshold: 5
|
||||
readinessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /readiness
|
||||
port: 8081
|
||||
scheme: HTTP
|
||||
# we poll on pod startup for the Kubernetes master service and
|
||||
# only setup the /readiness HTTP server once that's available.
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 3
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
args:
|
||||
- --domain=cluster.local.
|
||||
- --dns-port=10053
|
||||
- --config-dir=/kube-dns-config
|
||||
- --v=2
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: PROMETHEUS_PORT
|
||||
value: "10055"
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 10053
|
||||
name: dns-local
|
||||
protocol: UDP
|
||||
- containerPort: 10053
|
||||
name: dns-tcp-local
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- containerPort: 10055
|
||||
name: metrics
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: kube-dns-config
|
||||
mountPath: /kube-dns-config
|
||||
- name: dnsmasq
|
||||
image: gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.7
|
||||
livenessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /healthcheck/dnsmasq
|
||||
port: 10054
|
||||
scheme: HTTP
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 60
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
successThreshold: 1
|
||||
failureThreshold: 5
|
||||
args:
|
||||
- -v=2
|
||||
- -logtostderr
|
||||
- -configDir=/etc/k8s/dns/dnsmasq-nanny
|
||||
- -restartDnsmasq=true
|
||||
- --
|
||||
- -k
|
||||
- --cache-size=1000
|
||||
- --no-negcache
|
||||
- --log-facility=-
|
||||
- --server=/cluster.local/127.0.0.1#10053
|
||||
- --server=/in-addr.arpa/127.0.0.1#10053
|
||||
- --server=/ip6.arpa/127.0.0.1#10053
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 53
|
||||
name: dns
|
||||
protocol: UDP
|
||||
- containerPort: 53
|
||||
name: dns-tcp
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
# see: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/29055 for details
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
cpu: 150m
|
||||
memory: 20Mi
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: kube-dns-config
|
||||
mountPath: /etc/k8s/dns/dnsmasq-nanny
|
||||
- name: sidecar
|
||||
image: gcr.io/google_containers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.7
|
||||
livenessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /metrics
|
||||
port: 10054
|
||||
scheme: HTTP
|
||||
initialDelaySeconds: 60
|
||||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
successThreshold: 1
|
||||
failureThreshold: 5
|
||||
args:
|
||||
- --v=2
|
||||
- --logtostderr
|
||||
- --probe=kubedns,127.0.0.1:10053,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,5,SRV
|
||||
- --probe=dnsmasq,127.0.0.1:53,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,5,SRV
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 10054
|
||||
name: metrics
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
memory: 20Mi
|
||||
cpu: 10m
|
||||
dnsPolicy: Default # Don't use cluster DNS.
|
||||
serviceAccountName: kube-dns
|
||||
|
|
@ -8,18 +8,31 @@ This tutorial leverages the [Google Cloud Platform](https://cloud.google.com/) t
|
|||
|
||||
> The compute resources required for this tutorial exceed the Google Cloud Platform free tier.
|
||||
|
||||
## Google Cloud Platform SDK
|
||||
## Google Cloud Command Line Interface (gcloud CLI)
|
||||
|
||||
### Install the Google Cloud SDK
|
||||
### Install the Google Cloud CLI
|
||||
|
||||
Follow the Google Cloud SDK [documentation](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/) to install and configure the `gcloud` command line utility.
|
||||
Follow the gcloud CLI [documentation](https://cloud.google.com/cli) to install and configure the `gcloud` command line utility.
|
||||
|
||||
Verify the Google Cloud SDK version is 338.0.0 or higher:
|
||||
Verify the Google Cloud SDK version is 440.0.0 or higher:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud version
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Google Cloud SDK 440.0.0
|
||||
alpha 2023.07.21
|
||||
beta 2023.07.21
|
||||
bq 2.0.94
|
||||
bundled-python3-unix 3.9.16
|
||||
core 2023.07.21
|
||||
gcloud-crc32c 1.0.0
|
||||
gsutil 5.25
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Set a Default Compute Region and Zone
|
||||
|
||||
This tutorial assumes a default compute region and zone have been configured.
|
||||
|
|
@ -36,28 +49,31 @@ Then be sure to authorize gcloud to access the Cloud Platform with your Google u
|
|||
gcloud auth login
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next set a default compute region and compute zone:
|
||||
Next set a default compute region and zone in your local client
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud config set compute/region us-west1
|
||||
```
|
||||
REGION='us-east1'
|
||||
|
||||
Set a default compute zone:
|
||||
ZONE='us-east1-d'
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud config set compute/zone us-west1-c
|
||||
gcloud config set compute/region "${REGION}"
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud config set compute/zone "${ZONE}"
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud compute project-info add-metadata \
|
||||
--metadata "google-compute-default-region=${REGION},google-compute-default-zone=${ZONE}"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> Use the `gcloud compute zones list` command to view additional regions and zones.
|
||||
|
||||
## Running Commands in Parallel with tmux
|
||||
|
||||
[tmux](https://github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki) can be used to run commands on multiple compute instances at the same time. Labs in this tutorial may require running the same commands across multiple compute instances, in those cases consider using tmux and splitting a window into multiple panes with synchronize-panes enabled to speed up the provisioning process.
|
||||
[tmux](https://tmux.github.io/) can be used to run commands on multiple compute instances at the same time. Labs in this tutorial may require running the same commands across multiple compute instances, in those cases consider using tmux and splitting a window into multiple panes with synchronize-panes enabled to speed up the provisioning process.
|
||||
|
||||
> The use of tmux is optional and not required to complete this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> Enable synchronize-panes by pressing `ctrl+b` followed by `shift+:`. Next type `set synchronize-panes on` at the prompt. To disable synchronization: `set synchronize-panes off`.
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Installing the Client Tools](02-client-tools.md)
|
||||
Next: [Installing the Client Tools](./02-client-tools.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
|
|||
# Installing the Client Tools
|
||||
|
||||
In this lab you will install the command line utilities required to complete this tutorial: [cfssl](https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl), [cfssljson](https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl), and [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl).
|
||||
|
||||
In this lab you will install the command line utilities required to complete this tutorial: [cfssl, cfssljson](https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl), and [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/#kubectl).
|
||||
|
||||
## Install CFSSL
|
||||
|
||||
The `cfssl` and `cfssljson` command line utilities will be used to provision a [PKI Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure) and generate TLS certificates.
|
||||
The `cfssl` and `cfssljson` command line utilities will be used to provision a [public key infrastructure (PKI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure) and generate TLS certificates.
|
||||
|
||||
Download and install `cfssl` and `cfssljson`:
|
||||
|
||||
### OS X
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl -o cfssl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/1.4.1/darwin/cfssl
|
||||
curl -o cfssljson https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/1.4.1/darwin/cfssljson
|
||||
```
|
||||
ARCH='arm64' # replace arm64 with amd64 if needed
|
||||
|
||||
curl --location --output cfssl --time-cond cfssl \
|
||||
"https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssl_1.6.4_darwin_${ARCH}"
|
||||
|
||||
curl --location --output cfssljson --time-cond cfssljson \
|
||||
"https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssljson_1.6.4_linux_${ARCH}"
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
chmod +x cfssl cfssljson
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mv cfssl cfssljson /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Some OS X users may experience problems using the pre-built binaries in which case [Homebrew](https://brew.sh) might be a better option:
|
||||
Some OS X users may experience problems using the pre-built binaries in which case [Homebrew](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew) might be a better option:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
brew install cfssl
|
||||
|
|
@ -33,22 +33,18 @@ brew install cfssl
|
|||
### Linux
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
|
||||
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/1.4.1/linux/cfssl \
|
||||
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/1.4.1/linux/cfssljson
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl --location --output cfssl --time-cond cfssl \
|
||||
https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssl_1.6.4_linux_amd64
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
chmod +x cfssl cfssljson
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl --location --output cfssljson --time-cond cfssljson \
|
||||
https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.6.4/cfssljson_1.6.4_linux_amd64
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mv cfssl cfssljson /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
sudo install --mode 0755 cfssl cfssljson /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Verification
|
||||
|
||||
Verify `cfssl` and `cfssljson` version 1.4.1 or higher is installed:
|
||||
Verify `cfssl` and `cfssljson` version 1.6.4 or higher is installed:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cfssl version
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,16 +53,19 @@ cfssl version
|
|||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Version: 1.4.1
|
||||
Runtime: go1.12.12
|
||||
Version: 1.6.4
|
||||
Runtime: go1.18
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cfssljson --version
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Version: 1.4.1
|
||||
Runtime: go1.12.12
|
||||
Version: 1.6.4
|
||||
Runtime: go1.18
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Install kubectl
|
||||
|
|
@ -76,43 +75,36 @@ The `kubectl` command line utility is used to interact with the Kubernetes API S
|
|||
### OS X
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl -o kubectl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.21.0/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl --location --remote-name --time-cond kubectl \
|
||||
"https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.27.4/bin/darwin/${ARCH}/kubectl"
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
chmod +x kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.21.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl --location --remote-name --time-cond kubectl \
|
||||
https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.27.4/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
chmod +x kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
sudo install --mode 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Verification
|
||||
|
||||
Verify `kubectl` version 1.21.0 or higher is installed:
|
||||
Verify `kubectl` version 1.27.4 or higher is installed:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl version --client
|
||||
kubectl version --client --short
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.0", GitCommit:"cb303e613a121a29364f75cc67d3d580833a7479", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-04-08T16:31:21Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.1", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
|
||||
Client Version: v1.27.4
|
||||
Kustomize Version: v5.0.1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Provisioning Compute Resources](03-compute-resources.md)
|
||||
Next: [Provisioning Compute Resources](./03-compute-resources.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
|
|||
# Provisioning Compute Resources
|
||||
|
||||
Kubernetes requires a set of machines to host the Kubernetes control plane and the worker nodes where containers are ultimately run. In this lab you will provision the compute resources required for running a secure and highly available Kubernetes cluster across a single [compute zone](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/regions-zones/regions-zones).
|
||||
Kubernetes requires a set of machines to host the Kubernetes control plane and the worker nodes where containers are ultimately run. In this lab you will provision the compute resources required for running a secure and highly available Kubernetes cluster across a single [compute zone](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/regions-zones).
|
||||
|
||||
> Ensure a default compute zone and region have been set as described in the [Prerequisites](01-prerequisites.md#set-a-default-compute-region-and-zone) lab.
|
||||
> Ensure a default compute zone and region have been set as described in the [Prerequisites](./01-prerequisites.md#set-a-default-compute-region-and-zone) lab.
|
||||
|
||||
## Networking
|
||||
|
||||
The Kubernetes [networking model](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/networking/#kubernetes-model) assumes a flat network in which containers and nodes can communicate with each other. In cases where this is not desired [network policies](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/) can limit how groups of containers are allowed to communicate with each other and external network endpoints.
|
||||
The Kubernetes [network model](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/#the-kubernetes-network-model) assumes a flat network in which containers and nodes can communicate with each other. In cases where this is not desired [network policies](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/) can limit how groups of containers are allowed to communicate with each other and external network endpoints.
|
||||
|
||||
> Setting up network policies is out of scope for this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
### Virtual Private Cloud Network
|
||||
### Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Network
|
||||
|
||||
In this section a dedicated [Virtual Private Cloud](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networks-and-firewalls#networks) (VPC) network will be setup to host the Kubernetes cluster.
|
||||
In this section a dedicated [VPC network](https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/vpc) will be setup to host the Kubernetes cluster.
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` custom VPC network:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Create the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` custom VPC network:
|
|||
gcloud compute networks create kubernetes-the-hard-way --subnet-mode custom
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
A [subnet](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/vpc/#vpc_networks_and_subnets) must be provisioned with an IP address range large enough to assign a private IP address to each node in the Kubernetes cluster.
|
||||
A [subnet](https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/vpc#vpc_networks_and_subnets) must be provisioned with an IP address range large enough to assign a private IP address to each node in the Kubernetes cluster.
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `kubernetes` subnet in the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` VPC network:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ gcloud compute firewall-rules create kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-external \
|
|||
--source-ranges 0.0.0.0/0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> An [external load balancer](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/load-balancing/network/) will be used to expose the Kubernetes API Servers to remote clients.
|
||||
> An [external load balancer](https://cloud.google.com/load-balancing/docs/network) will be used to expose the Kubernetes API Servers to remote clients.
|
||||
|
||||
List the firewall rules in the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` VPC network:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud compute firewall-rules list --filter="network:kubernetes-the-hard-way"
|
||||
gcloud compute firewall-rules list --filter network:kubernetes-the-hard-way
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ gcloud compute firewall-rules list --filter="network:kubernetes-the-hard-way"
|
|||
```
|
||||
NAME NETWORK DIRECTION PRIORITY ALLOW DENY DISABLED
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-external kubernetes-the-hard-way INGRESS 1000 tcp:22,tcp:6443,icmp False
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-internal kubernetes-the-hard-way INGRESS 1000 tcp,udp,icmp Fals
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-internal kubernetes-the-hard-way INGRESS 1000 tcp,udp,icmp False
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Kubernetes Public IP Address
|
||||
|
|
@ -73,26 +73,25 @@ kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-internal kubernetes-the-hard-way INGRESS 1000
|
|||
Allocate a static IP address that will be attached to the external load balancer fronting the Kubernetes API Servers:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud compute addresses create kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region)
|
||||
gcloud compute addresses create kubernetes-the-hard-way
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Verify the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` static IP address was created in your default compute region:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud compute addresses list --filter="name=('kubernetes-the-hard-way')"
|
||||
gcloud compute addresses list --filter name=kubernetes-the-hard-way
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
NAME ADDRESS/RANGE TYPE PURPOSE NETWORK REGION SUBNET STATUS
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way XX.XXX.XXX.XXX EXTERNAL us-west1 RESERVED
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way XX.XXX.XXX.XXX EXTERNAL us-east1 RESERVED
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Compute Instances
|
||||
|
||||
The compute instances in this lab will be provisioned using [Ubuntu Server](https://www.ubuntu.com/server) 20.04, which has good support for the [containerd container runtime](https://github.com/containerd/containerd). Each compute instance will be provisioned with a fixed private IP address to simplify the Kubernetes bootstrapping process.
|
||||
The compute instances in this lab will be provisioned using [Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS](https://ubuntu.com/server), which has good support for the [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) container runtime. Each compute instance will be provisioned with a fixed private IP address to simplify the Kubernetes bootstrapping process.
|
||||
|
||||
### Kubernetes Controllers
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -100,14 +99,14 @@ Create three compute instances which will host the Kubernetes control plane:
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for i in 0 1 2; do
|
||||
gcloud compute instances create controller-${i} \
|
||||
gcloud compute instances create "controller-${i}" \
|
||||
--async \
|
||||
--boot-disk-size 200GB \
|
||||
--can-ip-forward \
|
||||
--image-family ubuntu-2004-lts \
|
||||
--image-family ubuntu-2204-lts \
|
||||
--image-project ubuntu-os-cloud \
|
||||
--machine-type e2-standard-2 \
|
||||
--private-network-ip 10.240.0.1${i} \
|
||||
--private-network-ip "10.240.0.1${i}" \
|
||||
--scopes compute-rw,storage-ro,service-management,service-control,logging-write,monitoring \
|
||||
--subnet kubernetes \
|
||||
--tags kubernetes-the-hard-way,controller
|
||||
|
|
@ -124,15 +123,15 @@ Create three compute instances which will host the Kubernetes worker nodes:
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for i in 0 1 2; do
|
||||
gcloud compute instances create worker-${i} \
|
||||
gcloud compute instances create "worker-${i}" \
|
||||
--async \
|
||||
--boot-disk-size 200GB \
|
||||
--can-ip-forward \
|
||||
--image-family ubuntu-2004-lts \
|
||||
--image-family ubuntu-2204-lts \
|
||||
--image-project ubuntu-os-cloud \
|
||||
--machine-type e2-standard-2 \
|
||||
--metadata pod-cidr=10.200.${i}.0/24 \
|
||||
--private-network-ip 10.240.0.2${i} \
|
||||
--metadata "pod-cidr=10.200.${i}.0/24" \
|
||||
--private-network-ip "10.240.0.2${i}" \
|
||||
--scopes compute-rw,storage-ro,service-management,service-control,logging-write,monitoring \
|
||||
--subnet kubernetes \
|
||||
--tags kubernetes-the-hard-way,worker
|
||||
|
|
@ -144,24 +143,24 @@ done
|
|||
List the compute instances in your default compute zone:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud compute instances list --filter="tags.items=kubernetes-the-hard-way"
|
||||
gcloud compute instances list --filter tags.items=kubernetes-the-hard-way
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
NAME ZONE MACHINE_TYPE PREEMPTIBLE INTERNAL_IP EXTERNAL_IP STATUS
|
||||
controller-0 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.10 XX.XX.XX.XXX RUNNING
|
||||
controller-1 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.11 XX.XXX.XXX.XX RUNNING
|
||||
controller-2 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.12 XX.XXX.XX.XXX RUNNING
|
||||
worker-0 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.20 XX.XX.XXX.XXX RUNNING
|
||||
worker-1 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.21 XX.XX.XX.XXX RUNNING
|
||||
worker-2 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.22 XX.XXX.XX.XX RUNNING
|
||||
controller-0 us-east1-d e2-standard-2 10.240.0.10 XX.XXX.XX.XXX RUNNING
|
||||
controller-1 us-east1-d e2-standard-2 10.240.0.11 XX.XXX.XX.XXX RUNNING
|
||||
controller-2 us-east1-d e2-standard-2 10.240.0.12 XX.XXX.XX.XX RUNNING
|
||||
worker-0 us-east1-d e2-standard-2 10.240.0.20 XX.XX.XX.XXX RUNNING
|
||||
worker-1 us-east1-d e2-standard-2 10.240.0.21 XX.XXX.XXX.XXX RUNNING
|
||||
worker-2 us-east1-d e2-standard-2 10.240.0.22 XX.XXX.XXX.XX RUNNING
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Configuring SSH Access
|
||||
|
||||
SSH will be used to configure the controller and worker instances. When connecting to compute instances for the first time SSH keys will be generated for you and stored in the project or instance metadata as described in the [connecting to instances](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-instance) documentation.
|
||||
SSH will be used to configure the controller and worker instances. When connecting to compute instances for the first time SSH keys will be generated for you and stored in the project or instance metadata as described in the [connecting to Linux VMs](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/connect/standard-ssh) documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
Test SSH access to the `controller-0` compute instances:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -172,8 +171,8 @@ gcloud compute ssh controller-0
|
|||
If this is your first time connecting to a compute instance SSH keys will be generated for you. Enter a passphrase at the prompt to continue:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
WARNING: The public SSH key file for gcloud does not exist.
|
||||
WARNING: The private SSH key file for gcloud does not exist.
|
||||
WARNING: The public SSH key file for gcloud does not exist.
|
||||
WARNING: You do not have an SSH key for gcloud.
|
||||
WARNING: SSH keygen will be executed to generate a key.
|
||||
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
|
||||
|
|
@ -184,23 +183,23 @@ Enter same passphrase again:
|
|||
At this point the generated SSH keys will be uploaded and stored in your project:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Your identification has been saved in /home/$USER/.ssh/google_compute_engine.
|
||||
Your public key has been saved in /home/$USER/.ssh/google_compute_engine.pub.
|
||||
Your identification has been saved in "/home/${USER}/.ssh/google_compute_engine"
|
||||
Your public key has been saved in "/home/${USER}/.ssh/google_compute_engine.pub"
|
||||
The key fingerprint is:
|
||||
SHA256:nz1i8jHmgQuGt+WscqP5SeIaSy5wyIJeL71MuV+QruE $USER@$HOSTNAME
|
||||
SHA256:OvopaMrkGOrbB0u2JMdwDvH6wGQBieKUC+XRAAm07RI "${USER}@${HOSTNAME}"
|
||||
The key's randomart image is:
|
||||
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|
||||
| |
|
||||
| |
|
||||
| |
|
||||
| . |
|
||||
|o. oS |
|
||||
|=... .o .o o |
|
||||
|+.+ =+=.+.X o |
|
||||
|.+ ==O*B.B = . |
|
||||
| .+.=EB++ o |
|
||||
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|
||||
|O*=o |
|
||||
|**o.. |
|
||||
|=E*. |
|
||||
| Boo |
|
||||
|+.B. S |
|
||||
| =.O . |
|
||||
|..O.+ o |
|
||||
|*.++.o o |
|
||||
|=B..ooo |
|
||||
+----[SHA256]-----+
|
||||
Updating project ssh metadata...-Updated [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/$PROJECT_ID].
|
||||
Updating project ssh metadata...Updated ["https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/${PROJECT_ID}"].
|
||||
Updating project ssh metadata...done.
|
||||
Waiting for SSH key to propagate.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -208,20 +207,21 @@ Waiting for SSH key to propagate.
|
|||
After the SSH keys have been updated you'll be logged into the `controller-0` instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-1042-gcp x86_64)
|
||||
Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.19.0-1027-gcp x86_64)
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Type `exit` at the prompt to exit the `controller-0` compute instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$USER@controller-0:~$ exit
|
||||
exit
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
logout
|
||||
Connection to XX.XX.XX.XXX closed
|
||||
Connection to XX.XXX.XX.XXX closed.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Provisioning a CA and Generating TLS Certificates](04-certificate-authority.md)
|
||||
Next: [Provisioning a CA and Generating TLS Certificates](./04-certificate-authority.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
|
|||
# Provisioning a CA and Generating TLS Certificates
|
||||
|
||||
In this lab you will provision a [PKI Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure) using CloudFlare's PKI toolkit, [cfssl](https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl), then use it to bootstrap a Certificate Authority, and generate TLS certificates for the following components: etcd, kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager, kube-scheduler, kubelet, and kube-proxy.
|
||||
In this lab you will provision a [public key infrastructure (PKI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure) using [CloudFlare's PKI/TLS toolkit](https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl), then use it to bootstrap a Certificate Authority (CA), and generate TLS certificates for the following components: etcd, kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager, kube-scheduler, kubelet, and kube-proxy.
|
||||
|
||||
## Certificate Authority
|
||||
|
||||
In this section you will provision a Certificate Authority that can be used to generate additional TLS certificates.
|
||||
In this section you will provision a CA that can be used to generate additional TLS certificates.
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the CA configuration file, certificate, and private key:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
|
||||
cat <<EOF >ca-config.json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"signing": {
|
||||
"default": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
|
|||
}
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
|
||||
cat <<EOF >ca-csr.json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"CN": "Kubernetes",
|
||||
"key": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -46,9 +44,8 @@ cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
|
|||
}
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json \
|
||||
| cfssljson -bare ca
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Results:
|
||||
|
|
@ -67,9 +64,7 @@ In this section you will generate client and server certificates for each Kubern
|
|||
Generate the `admin` client certificate and private key:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
|
||||
cat <<EOF >admin-csr.json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"CN": "admin",
|
||||
"key": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -89,13 +84,12 @@ cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
|
|||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
cfssl gencert \
|
||||
-ca=ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config=ca-config.json \
|
||||
-profile=kubernetes \
|
||||
admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
-ca ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config ca-config.json \
|
||||
-profile kubernetes \
|
||||
admin-csr.json \
|
||||
| cfssljson -bare admin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Results:
|
||||
|
|
@ -107,13 +101,13 @@ admin.pem
|
|||
|
||||
### The Kubelet Client Certificates
|
||||
|
||||
Kubernetes uses a [special-purpose authorization mode](https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/node/) called Node Authorizer, that specifically authorizes API requests made by [Kubelets](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/components/#kubelet). In order to be authorized by the Node Authorizer, Kubelets must use a credential that identifies them as being in the `system:nodes` group, with a username of `system:node:<nodeName>`. In this section you will create a certificate for each Kubernetes worker node that meets the Node Authorizer requirements.
|
||||
Kubernetes uses a [special-purpose authorization mode](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/node/) called Node Authorizer, that specifically authorizes API requests made by [Kubelets](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/components/#kubelet). In order to be authorized by the Node Authorizer, Kubelets must use a credential that identifies them as being in the `system:nodes` group, with a username of `system:node:<nodeName>`. In this section you will create a certificate for each Kubernetes worker node that meets the Node Authorizer requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
Generate a certificate and private key for each Kubernetes worker node:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
|
||||
cat > ${instance}-csr.json <<EOF
|
||||
cat <<EOF >"${instance}-csr.json"
|
||||
{
|
||||
"CN": "system:node:${instance}",
|
||||
"key": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -132,19 +126,20 @@ cat > ${instance}-csr.json <<EOF
|
|||
}
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
EXTERNAL_IP=$(gcloud compute instances describe ${instance} \
|
||||
--format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP)')
|
||||
EXTERNAL_IP="$(gcloud compute instances describe ${instance} \
|
||||
--format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP)')"
|
||||
|
||||
INTERNAL_IP=$(gcloud compute instances describe ${instance} \
|
||||
--format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].networkIP)')
|
||||
INTERNAL_IP="$(gcloud compute instances describe ${instance} \
|
||||
--format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].networkIP)')"
|
||||
|
||||
cfssl gencert \
|
||||
-ca=ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config=ca-config.json \
|
||||
-hostname=${instance},${EXTERNAL_IP},${INTERNAL_IP} \
|
||||
-profile=kubernetes \
|
||||
${instance}-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ${instance}
|
||||
-ca ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config ca-config.json \
|
||||
-hostname "${instance},${EXTERNAL_IP},${INTERNAL_IP}" \
|
||||
-profile kubernetes \
|
||||
"${instance}-csr.json" \
|
||||
| cfssljson -bare "${instance}"
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -164,9 +159,7 @@ worker-2.pem
|
|||
Generate the `kube-controller-manager` client certificate and private key:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
|
||||
cat <<EOF >kube-controller-manager-csr.json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
|
||||
"key": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -186,13 +179,12 @@ cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
|
|||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
cfssl gencert \
|
||||
-ca=ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config=ca-config.json \
|
||||
-profile=kubernetes \
|
||||
kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
-ca ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config ca-config.json \
|
||||
-profile kubernetes \
|
||||
kube-controller-manager-csr.json \
|
||||
| cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Results:
|
||||
|
|
@ -202,15 +194,12 @@ kube-controller-manager-key.pem
|
|||
kube-controller-manager.pem
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The Kube Proxy Client Certificate
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the `kube-proxy` client certificate and private key:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
|
||||
cat <<EOF >kube-proxy-csr.json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
|
||||
"key": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -230,13 +219,12 @@ cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
|
|||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
cfssl gencert \
|
||||
-ca=ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config=ca-config.json \
|
||||
-profile=kubernetes \
|
||||
kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
-ca ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config ca-config.json \
|
||||
-profile kubernetes \
|
||||
kube-proxy-csr.json \
|
||||
| cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Results:
|
||||
|
|
@ -251,9 +239,7 @@ kube-proxy.pem
|
|||
Generate the `kube-scheduler` client certificate and private key:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json <<EOF
|
||||
cat <<EOF >kube-scheduler-csr.json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
|
||||
"key": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -273,13 +259,12 @@ cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json <<EOF
|
|||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
cfssl gencert \
|
||||
-ca=ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config=ca-config.json \
|
||||
-profile=kubernetes \
|
||||
kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
-ca ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config ca-config.json \
|
||||
-profile kubernetes \
|
||||
kube-scheduler-csr.json \
|
||||
| cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Results:
|
||||
|
|
@ -289,7 +274,6 @@ kube-scheduler-key.pem
|
|||
kube-scheduler.pem
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### The Kubernetes API Server Certificate
|
||||
|
||||
The `kubernetes-the-hard-way` static IP address will be included in the list of subject alternative names for the Kubernetes API Server certificate. This will ensure the certificate can be validated by remote clients.
|
||||
|
|
@ -297,15 +281,12 @@ The `kubernetes-the-hard-way` static IP address will be included in the list of
|
|||
Generate the Kubernetes API Server certificate and private key:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS="$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')"
|
||||
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')
|
||||
KUBERNETES_HOSTNAMES='kubernetes,kubernetes.default,kubernetes.default.svc,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,kubernetes.svc.cluster.local'
|
||||
|
||||
KUBERNETES_HOSTNAMES=kubernetes,kubernetes.default,kubernetes.default.svc,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,kubernetes.svc.cluster.local
|
||||
|
||||
cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
|
||||
cat <<EOF >kubernetes-csr.json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"CN": "kubernetes",
|
||||
"key": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -325,14 +306,13 @@ cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
|
|||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
cfssl gencert \
|
||||
-ca=ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config=ca-config.json \
|
||||
-hostname=10.32.0.1,10.240.0.10,10.240.0.11,10.240.0.12,${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS},127.0.0.1,${KUBERNETES_HOSTNAMES} \
|
||||
-profile=kubernetes \
|
||||
kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
-ca ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config ca-config.json \
|
||||
-hostname "10.32.0.1,10.240.0.10,10.240.0.11,10.240.0.12,${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS},127.0.0.1,${KUBERNETES_HOSTNAMES}" \
|
||||
-profile kubernetes \
|
||||
kubernetes-csr.json \
|
||||
| cfssljson -bare kubernetes
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> The Kubernetes API server is automatically assigned the `kubernetes` internal dns name, which will be linked to the first IP address (`10.32.0.1`) from the address range (`10.32.0.0/24`) reserved for internal cluster services during the [control plane bootstrapping](08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md#configure-the-kubernetes-api-server) lab.
|
||||
|
|
@ -346,14 +326,12 @@ kubernetes.pem
|
|||
|
||||
## The Service Account Key Pair
|
||||
|
||||
The Kubernetes Controller Manager leverages a key pair to generate and sign service account tokens as described in the [managing service accounts](https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/service-accounts-admin/) documentation.
|
||||
The Kubernetes Controller Manager leverages a key pair to generate and sign service account tokens as described in the [managing service accounts](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/service-accounts-admin/) documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
Generate the `service-account` certificate and private key:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
cat > service-account-csr.json <<EOF
|
||||
cat <<EOF >service-account-csr.json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"CN": "service-accounts",
|
||||
"key": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -373,13 +351,12 @@ cat > service-account-csr.json <<EOF
|
|||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
cfssl gencert \
|
||||
-ca=ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key=ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config=ca-config.json \
|
||||
-profile=kubernetes \
|
||||
service-account-csr.json | cfssljson -bare service-account
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
-ca ca.pem \
|
||||
-ca-key ca-key.pem \
|
||||
-config ca-config.json \
|
||||
-profile kubernetes \
|
||||
service-account-csr.json \
|
||||
| cfssljson -bare service-account
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Results:
|
||||
|
|
@ -389,14 +366,16 @@ service-account-key.pem
|
|||
service-account.pem
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Distribute the Client and Server Certificates
|
||||
|
||||
Copy the appropriate certificates and private keys to each worker instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
|
||||
gcloud compute scp ca.pem ${instance}-key.pem ${instance}.pem ${instance}:~/
|
||||
gcloud compute scp \
|
||||
ca.pem \
|
||||
"${instance}-key.pem" "${instance}.pem" \
|
||||
"${instance}:"
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -404,11 +383,14 @@ Copy the appropriate certificates and private keys to each controller instance:
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for instance in controller-0 controller-1 controller-2; do
|
||||
gcloud compute scp ca.pem ca-key.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem \
|
||||
service-account-key.pem service-account.pem ${instance}:~/
|
||||
gcloud compute scp \
|
||||
ca-key.pem ca.pem \
|
||||
kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem \
|
||||
service-account-key.pem service-account.pem \
|
||||
"${instance}:"
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> The `kube-proxy`, `kube-controller-manager`, `kube-scheduler`, and `kubelet` client certificates will be used to generate client authentication configuration files in the next lab.
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Generating Kubernetes Configuration Files for Authentication](05-kubernetes-configuration-files.md)
|
||||
Next: [Generating Kubernetes Configuration Files for Authentication](./05-kubernetes-configuration-files.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -13,39 +13,39 @@ Each kubeconfig requires a Kubernetes API Server to connect to. To support high
|
|||
Retrieve the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` static IP address:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS="$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### The kubelet Kubernetes Configuration File
|
||||
|
||||
When generating kubeconfig files for Kubelets the client certificate matching the Kubelet's node name must be used. This will ensure Kubelets are properly authorized by the Kubernetes [Node Authorizer](https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/node/).
|
||||
When generating kubeconfig files for Kubelets the client certificate matching the Kubelet's node name must be used. This will ensure Kubelets are properly authorized by the Kubernetes [Node Authorizer](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/node/).
|
||||
|
||||
> The following commands must be run in the same directory used to generate the SSL certificates during the [Generating TLS Certificates](04-certificate-authority.md) lab.
|
||||
> The following commands must be run in the same directory used to generate the SSL certificates during the [Generating TLS Certificates](./04-certificate-authority.md) lab.
|
||||
|
||||
Generate a kubeconfig file for each worker node:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
|
||||
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--server=https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443 \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig
|
||||
--certificate-authority ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--kubeconfig "${instance}.kubeconfig" \
|
||||
--server "https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443"
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-credentials system:node:${instance} \
|
||||
--client-certificate=${instance}.pem \
|
||||
--client-key=${instance}-key.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig
|
||||
kubectl config set-credentials "system:node:${instance}" \
|
||||
--client-certificate "${instance}.pem" \
|
||||
--client-key "${instance}-key.pem" \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--kubeconfig "${instance}.kubeconfig"
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-context default \
|
||||
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--user=system:node:${instance} \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig
|
||||
--cluster "kubernetes-the-hard-way" \
|
||||
--kubeconfig "${instance}.kubeconfig" \
|
||||
--user "system:node:${instance}"
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${instance}.kubeconfig
|
||||
kubectl config use-context default \
|
||||
--kubeconfig "${instance}.kubeconfig"
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -62,26 +62,25 @@ worker-2.kubeconfig
|
|||
Generate a kubeconfig file for the `kube-proxy` service:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--server=https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443 \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
|
||||
--certificate-authority ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig \
|
||||
--server "https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443"
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-proxy \
|
||||
--client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem \
|
||||
--client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
|
||||
--client-certificate kube-proxy.pem \
|
||||
--client-key kube-proxy-key.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-context default \
|
||||
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--user=system:kube-proxy \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
|
||||
--cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig \
|
||||
--user system:kube-proxy
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
|
||||
}
|
||||
kubectl config use-context default \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Results:
|
||||
|
|
@ -95,26 +94,25 @@ kube-proxy.kubeconfig
|
|||
Generate a kubeconfig file for the `kube-controller-manager` service:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--server=https://127.0.0.1:6443 \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
|
||||
--certificate-authority ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
|
||||
--server https://127.0.0.1:6443
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
|
||||
--client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem \
|
||||
--client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
|
||||
--client-certificate kube-controller-manager.pem \
|
||||
--client-key kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-context default \
|
||||
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--user=system:kube-controller-manager \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
|
||||
--cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
|
||||
--user system:kube-controller-manager
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
|
||||
}
|
||||
kubectl config use-context default \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Results:
|
||||
|
|
@ -129,26 +127,25 @@ kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
|
|||
Generate a kubeconfig file for the `kube-scheduler` service:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--server=https://127.0.0.1:6443 \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
|
||||
--certificate-authority ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
|
||||
--server https://127.0.0.1:6443
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
|
||||
--client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem \
|
||||
--client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
|
||||
--client-certificate kube-scheduler.pem \
|
||||
--client-key kube-scheduler-key.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-context default \
|
||||
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--user=system:kube-scheduler \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
|
||||
--cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
|
||||
--user system:kube-scheduler
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
|
||||
}
|
||||
kubectl config use-context default \
|
||||
--kubeconfig kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Results:
|
||||
|
|
@ -162,26 +159,25 @@ kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
|
|||
Generate a kubeconfig file for the `admin` user:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--server=https://127.0.0.1:6443 \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
|
||||
--certificate-authority ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig \
|
||||
--server https://127.0.0.1:6443
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-credentials admin \
|
||||
--client-certificate=admin.pem \
|
||||
--client-key=admin-key.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
|
||||
--client-certificate admin.pem \
|
||||
--client-key admin-key.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-context default \
|
||||
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--user=admin \
|
||||
--kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
|
||||
--cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig \
|
||||
--user admin
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=admin.kubeconfig
|
||||
}
|
||||
kubectl config use-context default \
|
||||
--kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Results:
|
||||
|
|
@ -190,7 +186,6 @@ Results:
|
|||
admin.kubeconfig
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
##
|
||||
|
||||
## Distribute the Kubernetes Configuration Files
|
||||
|
|
@ -199,7 +194,10 @@ Copy the appropriate `kubelet` and `kube-proxy` kubeconfig files to each worker
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
|
||||
gcloud compute scp ${instance}.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig ${instance}:~/
|
||||
gcloud compute scp \
|
||||
"${instance}.kubeconfig" \
|
||||
kube-proxy.kubeconfig \
|
||||
"${instance}:"
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -207,8 +205,12 @@ Copy the appropriate `kube-controller-manager` and `kube-scheduler` kubeconfig f
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for instance in controller-0 controller-1 controller-2; do
|
||||
gcloud compute scp admin.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.kubeconfig ${instance}:~/
|
||||
gcloud compute scp \
|
||||
admin.kubeconfig \
|
||||
kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
|
||||
kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
|
||||
"${instance}:"
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Generating the Data Encryption Config and Key](06-data-encryption-keys.md)
|
||||
Next: [Generating the Data Encryption Config and Key](./06-data-encryption-keys.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Generating the Data Encryption Config and Key
|
||||
|
||||
Kubernetes stores a variety of data including cluster state, application configurations, and secrets. Kubernetes supports the ability to [encrypt](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/encrypt-data) cluster data at rest.
|
||||
Kubernetes stores a variety of data including cluster state, application configurations, and secrets. Kubernetes supports the ability to [encrypt](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/encrypt-data/) cluster data at rest.
|
||||
|
||||
In this lab you will generate an encryption key and an [encryption config](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/encrypt-data/#understanding-the-encryption-at-rest-configuration) suitable for encrypting Kubernetes Secrets.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ In this lab you will generate an encryption key and an [encryption config](https
|
|||
Generate an encryption key:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)
|
||||
ENCRYPTION_KEY="$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## The Encryption Config File
|
||||
|
|
@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)
|
|||
Create the `encryption-config.yaml` encryption config file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
|
||||
kind: EncryptionConfig
|
||||
cat <<EOF >encryption-config.yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: EncryptionConfig
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
- resources:
|
||||
- secrets
|
||||
|
|
@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ Copy the `encryption-config.yaml` encryption config file to each controller inst
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for instance in controller-0 controller-1 controller-2; do
|
||||
gcloud compute scp encryption-config.yaml ${instance}:~/
|
||||
gcloud compute scp encryption-config.yaml "${instance}:"
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Bootstrapping the etcd Cluster](07-bootstrapping-etcd.md)
|
||||
Next: [Bootstrapping the etcd Cluster](./07-bootstrapping-etcd.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ gcloud compute ssh controller-0
|
|||
|
||||
### Running commands in parallel with tmux
|
||||
|
||||
[tmux](https://github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki) can be used to run commands on multiple compute instances at the same time. See the [Running commands in parallel with tmux](01-prerequisites.md#running-commands-in-parallel-with-tmux) section in the Prerequisites lab.
|
||||
[tmux](https://tmux.github.io/) can be used to run commands on multiple compute instances at the same time. See the [Running commands in parallel with tmux](./01-prerequisites.md#running-commands-in-parallel-with-tmux) section in the Prerequisites lab.
|
||||
|
||||
## Bootstrapping an etcd Cluster Member
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -21,60 +21,61 @@ gcloud compute ssh controller-0
|
|||
Download the official etcd release binaries from the [etcd](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd) GitHub project:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
|
||||
"https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.15/etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
|
||||
curl --location --remote-name --time-cond etcd-v3.5.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
|
||||
https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.9/etcd-v3.5.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Extract and install the `etcd` server and the `etcdctl` command line utility:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
tar -xvf etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
sudo mv etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
}
|
||||
tar --extract --file etcd-v3.5.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz --verbose
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cp etcd-v3.5.9-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Configure the etcd Server
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p /etc/etcd /var/lib/etcd
|
||||
sudo chmod 700 /var/lib/etcd
|
||||
sudo mkdir --parents /etc/etcd /var/lib/etcd
|
||||
|
||||
sudo chmod 0700 /etc/etcd/ /var/lib/etcd/
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cp ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem /etc/etcd/
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The instance internal IP address will be used to serve client requests and communicate with etcd cluster peers. Retrieve the internal IP address for the current compute instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
INTERNAL_IP=$(curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
|
||||
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/0/ip)
|
||||
INTERNAL_IP="$(curl --silent --header 'Metadata-Flavor: Google' \
|
||||
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/0/ip)"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Each etcd member must have a unique name within an etcd cluster. Set the etcd name to match the hostname of the current compute instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ETCD_NAME=$(hostname -s)
|
||||
ETCD_NAME="$(hostname --short)"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `etcd.service` systemd unit file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
|
||||
sudo mkdir --parents /usr/local/lib/systemd/system
|
||||
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=etcd
|
||||
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
|
||||
Documentation=https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
Type=notify
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \\
|
||||
--name ${ETCD_NAME} \\
|
||||
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \\
|
||||
--key-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \\
|
||||
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \\
|
||||
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \\
|
||||
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--cert-file /etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \\
|
||||
--key-file /etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \\
|
||||
--peer-cert-file /etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \\
|
||||
--peer-key-file /etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \\
|
||||
--trusted-ca-file /etc/etcd/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--peer-trusted-ca-file /etc/etcd/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--peer-client-cert-auth \\
|
||||
--client-cert-auth \\
|
||||
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://${INTERNAL_IP}:2380 \\
|
||||
|
|
@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \\
|
|||
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \\
|
||||
--initial-cluster controller-0=https://10.240.0.10:2380,controller-1=https://10.240.0.11:2380,controller-2=https://10.240.0.12:2380 \\
|
||||
--initial-cluster-state new \\
|
||||
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
|
||||
--data-dir /var/lib/etcd
|
||||
Restart=on-failure
|
||||
RestartSec=5
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -96,11 +97,7 @@ EOF
|
|||
### Start the etcd Server
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable etcd
|
||||
sudo systemctl start etcd
|
||||
}
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable --now etcd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> Remember to run the above commands on each controller node: `controller-0`, `controller-1`, and `controller-2`.
|
||||
|
|
@ -111,10 +108,10 @@ List the etcd cluster members:
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl member list \
|
||||
--endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
|
||||
--cacert=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
|
||||
--cert=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
|
||||
--key=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem
|
||||
--cacert /etc/etcd/ca.pem \
|
||||
--cert /etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
|
||||
--endpoints https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
|
||||
--key /etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -125,4 +122,4 @@ f98dc20bce6225a0, started, controller-0, https://10.240.0.10:2380, https://10.24
|
|||
ffed16798470cab5, started, controller-1, https://10.240.0.11:2380, https://10.240.0.11:2379, false
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Control Plane](08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md)
|
||||
Next: [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Control Plane](./08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ gcloud compute ssh controller-0
|
|||
|
||||
### Running commands in parallel with tmux
|
||||
|
||||
[tmux](https://github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki) can be used to run commands on multiple compute instances at the same time. See the [Running commands in parallel with tmux](01-prerequisites.md#running-commands-in-parallel-with-tmux) section in the Prerequisites lab.
|
||||
[tmux](https://tmux.github.io/) can be used to run commands on multiple compute instances at the same time. See the [Running commands in parallel with tmux](./01-prerequisites.md#running-commands-in-parallel-with-tmux) section in the Prerequisites lab.
|
||||
|
||||
## Provision the Kubernetes Control Plane
|
||||
|
||||
Create the Kubernetes configuration directory:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/config
|
||||
sudo mkdir --parents /etc/kubernetes/config
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Download and Install the Kubernetes Controller Binaries
|
||||
|
|
@ -27,91 +27,91 @@ sudo mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/config
|
|||
Download the official Kubernetes release binaries:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
|
||||
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.21.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-apiserver" \
|
||||
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.21.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-controller-manager" \
|
||||
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.21.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-scheduler" \
|
||||
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.21.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
|
||||
curl --location \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond kube-apiserver \
|
||||
https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.27.4/bin/linux/amd64/kube-apiserver \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond kube-controller-manager \
|
||||
https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.27.4/bin/linux/amd64/kube-controller-manager \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond kube-scheduler \
|
||||
https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.27.4/bin/linux/amd64/kube-scheduler \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond kubectl \
|
||||
https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.27.4/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Install the Kubernetes binaries:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
chmod +x kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl
|
||||
sudo mv kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
}
|
||||
sudo install --mode 0755 kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager \
|
||||
kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Configure the Kubernetes API Server
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/kubernetes/
|
||||
sudo mkdir --parents /var/lib/kubernetes
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mv ca.pem ca-key.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem \
|
||||
sudo cp \
|
||||
ca-key.pem ca.pem \
|
||||
kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem \
|
||||
service-account-key.pem service-account.pem \
|
||||
encryption-config.yaml /var/lib/kubernetes/
|
||||
}
|
||||
encryption-config.yaml \
|
||||
/var/lib/kubernetes/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The instance internal IP address will be used to advertise the API Server to members of the cluster. Retrieve the internal IP address for the current compute instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
INTERNAL_IP=$(curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
|
||||
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/0/ip)
|
||||
```
|
||||
INTERNAL_IP="$(curl --silent --header 'Metadata-Flavor: Google' \
|
||||
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/0/ip)"
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
REGION=$(curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
|
||||
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/project/attributes/google-compute-default-region)
|
||||
```
|
||||
REGION="$(curl --silent --header 'Metadata-Flavor: Google' \
|
||||
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/project/attributes/google-compute-default-region)"
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--region $REGION \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe \
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way --region "${REGION}" --format 'value(address)')
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `kube-apiserver.service` systemd unit file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
|
||||
sudo mkdir --parents /usr/local/lib/systemd/system
|
||||
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Kubernetes API Server
|
||||
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \\
|
||||
--advertise-address=${INTERNAL_IP} \\
|
||||
--allow-privileged=true \\
|
||||
--apiserver-count=3 \\
|
||||
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
|
||||
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
|
||||
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
|
||||
--audit-log-path=/var/log/audit.log \\
|
||||
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \\
|
||||
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
|
||||
--client-ca-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \\
|
||||
--etcd-cafile=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--etcd-certfile=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
|
||||
--etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
|
||||
--etcd-servers=https://10.240.0.10:2379,https://10.240.0.11:2379,https://10.240.0.12:2379 \\
|
||||
--event-ttl=1h \\
|
||||
--encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \\
|
||||
--kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
|
||||
--kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
|
||||
--runtime-config='api/all=true' \\
|
||||
--service-account-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/service-account.pem \\
|
||||
--service-account-signing-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/service-account-key.pem \\
|
||||
--service-account-issuer=https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443 \\
|
||||
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.32.0.0/24 \\
|
||||
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
|
||||
--tls-cert-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
|
||||
--tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
|
||||
--v=2
|
||||
--advertise-address ${INTERNAL_IP} \\
|
||||
--allow-privileged \\
|
||||
--apiserver-count 3 \\
|
||||
--audit-log-maxage 30 \\
|
||||
--audit-log-maxbackup 3 \\
|
||||
--audit-log-maxsize 100 \\
|
||||
--audit-log-path /var/log/audit.log \\
|
||||
--authorization-mode Node,RBAC \\
|
||||
--bind-address 0.0.0.0 \\
|
||||
--client-ca-file /var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--enable-admission-plugins NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \\
|
||||
--etcd-cafile /var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--etcd-certfile /var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
|
||||
--etcd-keyfile /var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
|
||||
--etcd-servers https://10.240.0.10:2379,https://10.240.0.11:2379,https://10.240.0.12:2379 \\
|
||||
--event-ttl 1h \\
|
||||
--encryption-provider-config /var/lib/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \\
|
||||
--kubelet-certificate-authority /var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--kubelet-client-certificate /var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
|
||||
--kubelet-client-key /var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
|
||||
--runtime-config 'api/all=true' \\
|
||||
--service-account-key-file /var/lib/kubernetes/service-account.pem \\
|
||||
--service-account-signing-key-file /var/lib/kubernetes/service-account-key.pem \\
|
||||
--service-account-issuer https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443 \\
|
||||
--service-cluster-ip-range 10.32.0.0/24 \\
|
||||
--service-node-port-range 30000-32767 \\
|
||||
--tls-cert-file /var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
|
||||
--tls-private-key-file /var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
|
||||
--v 2
|
||||
Restart=on-failure
|
||||
RestartSec=5
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -122,34 +122,34 @@ EOF
|
|||
|
||||
### Configure the Kubernetes Controller Manager
|
||||
|
||||
Move the `kube-controller-manager` kubeconfig into place:
|
||||
Copy the `kube-controller-manager` kubeconfig into place:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mv kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /var/lib/kubernetes/
|
||||
sudo cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /var/lib/kubernetes/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `kube-controller-manager.service` systemd unit file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
|
||||
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
|
||||
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
|
||||
--cluster-cidr=10.200.0.0/16 \\
|
||||
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
|
||||
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--cluster-signing-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca-key.pem \\
|
||||
--kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
|
||||
--leader-elect=true \\
|
||||
--root-ca-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/service-account-key.pem \\
|
||||
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.32.0.0/24 \\
|
||||
--use-service-account-credentials=true \\
|
||||
--v=2
|
||||
--bind-address 0.0.0.0 \\
|
||||
--cluster-cidr 10.200.0.0/16 \\
|
||||
--cluster-name kubernetes \\
|
||||
--cluster-signing-cert-file /var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--cluster-signing-key-file /var/lib/kubernetes/ca-key.pem \\
|
||||
--kubeconfig /var/lib/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
|
||||
--leader-elect \\
|
||||
--root-ca-file /var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
|
||||
--service-account-private-key-file /var/lib/kubernetes/service-account-key.pem \\
|
||||
--service-cluster-ip-range 10.32.0.0/24 \\
|
||||
--use-service-account-credentials \\
|
||||
--v 2
|
||||
Restart=on-failure
|
||||
RestartSec=5
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -160,20 +160,20 @@ EOF
|
|||
|
||||
### Configure the Kubernetes Scheduler
|
||||
|
||||
Move the `kube-scheduler` kubeconfig into place:
|
||||
Copy the `kube-scheduler` kubeconfig into place:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mv kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /var/lib/kubernetes/
|
||||
sudo cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /var/lib/kubernetes/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `kube-scheduler.yaml` configuration file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/kubernetes/config/kube-scheduler.yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
|
||||
apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1
|
||||
kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
|
||||
clientConnection:
|
||||
kubeconfig: "/var/lib/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
|
||||
kubeconfig: /var/lib/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
|
||||
leaderElection:
|
||||
leaderElect: true
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
|
@ -182,15 +182,15 @@ EOF
|
|||
Create the `kube-scheduler.service` systemd unit file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
|
||||
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \\
|
||||
--config=/etc/kubernetes/config/kube-scheduler.yaml \\
|
||||
--v=2
|
||||
--config /etc/kubernetes/config/kube-scheduler.yaml \\
|
||||
--v 2
|
||||
Restart=on-failure
|
||||
RestartSec=5
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -202,30 +202,23 @@ EOF
|
|||
### Start the Controller Services
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler
|
||||
sudo systemctl start kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler
|
||||
}
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> Allow up to 10 seconds for the Kubernetes API Server to fully initialize.
|
||||
|
||||
### Enable HTTP Health Checks
|
||||
|
||||
A [Google Network Load Balancer](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/load-balancing/network) will be used to distribute traffic across the three API servers and allow each API server to terminate TLS connections and validate client certificates. The network load balancer only supports HTTP health checks which means the HTTPS endpoint exposed by the API server cannot be used. As a workaround the nginx webserver can be used to proxy HTTP health checks. In this section nginx will be installed and configured to accept HTTP health checks on port `80` and proxy the connections to the API server on `https://127.0.0.1:6443/healthz`.
|
||||
A [Google Network Load Balancer](https://cloud.google.com/load-balancing/docs/network) will be used to distribute traffic across the three API servers and allow each API server to terminate TLS connections and validate client certificates. The network load balancer only supports HTTP health checks which means the HTTPS endpoint exposed by the API server cannot be used. As a workaround the nginx webserver can be used to proxy HTTP health checks. In this section nginx will be installed and configured to accept HTTP health checks on port `80` and proxy the connections to the API server on `https://127.0.0.1:6443/healthz`.
|
||||
|
||||
> The `/healthz` API server endpoint does not require authentication by default.
|
||||
|
||||
Install a basic web server to handle HTTP health checks:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install -y nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get install --yes nginx
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat > kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local <<EOF
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/nginx/sites-available/kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local;
|
||||
|
|
@ -236,31 +229,22 @@ server {
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
sudo mv kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
|
||||
/etc/nginx/sites-available/kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
|
||||
sudo ln --symbolic \
|
||||
/etc/nginx/sites-available/kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
|
||||
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo systemctl restart nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Verification
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl cluster-info --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -268,20 +252,24 @@ Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443
|
|||
Test the nginx HTTP health check proxy:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl -H "Host: kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" -i http://127.0.0.1/healthz
|
||||
curl --header 'Host: kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local' --include \
|
||||
http://127.0.0.1/healthz
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
||||
Server: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)
|
||||
Date: Sun, 02 May 2021 04:19:29 GMT
|
||||
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2023 13:35:08 GMT
|
||||
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
|
||||
Content-Length: 2
|
||||
Connection: keep-alive
|
||||
Audit-Id: d87ab78c-776b-42f9-950c-42c7b6060e7f
|
||||
Cache-Control: no-cache, private
|
||||
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
|
||||
X-Kubernetes-Pf-Flowschema-Uid: c43f32eb-e038-457f-9474-571d43e5c325
|
||||
X-Kubernetes-Pf-Prioritylevel-Uid: 8ba5908f-5569-4330-80fd-c643e7512366
|
||||
X-Kubernetes-Pf-Flowschema-Uid: bb5f446a-26d9-4f6e-a18f-d40546253482
|
||||
X-Kubernetes-Pf-Prioritylevel-Uid: 34a0ffbd-2fd0-44b8-b7ab-d9c883cabb34
|
||||
|
||||
ok
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -292,7 +280,7 @@ ok
|
|||
|
||||
In this section you will configure RBAC permissions to allow the Kubernetes API Server to access the Kubelet API on each worker node. Access to the Kubelet API is required for retrieving metrics, logs, and executing commands in pods.
|
||||
|
||||
> This tutorial sets the Kubelet `--authorization-mode` flag to `Webhook`. Webhook mode uses the [SubjectAccessReview](https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/#checking-api-access) API to determine authorization.
|
||||
> This tutorial sets the Kubelet `--authorization-mode` flag to `Webhook`. Webhook mode uses the [SubjectAccessReview](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/#checking-api-access) API to determine authorization.
|
||||
|
||||
The commands in this section will effect the entire cluster and only need to be run once from one of the controller nodes.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -300,10 +288,10 @@ The commands in this section will effect the entire cluster and only need to be
|
|||
gcloud compute ssh controller-0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet` [ClusterRole](https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/rbac/#role-and-clusterrole) with permissions to access the Kubelet API and perform most common tasks associated with managing pods:
|
||||
Create the `system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet` [ClusterRole](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/#role-and-clusterrole) with permissions to access the Kubelet API and perform most common tasks associated with managing pods:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig -f -
|
||||
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig --filename -
|
||||
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
|
||||
kind: ClusterRole
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
|
|
@ -331,7 +319,7 @@ The Kubernetes API Server authenticates to the Kubelet as the `kubernetes` user
|
|||
Bind the `system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet` ClusterRole to the `kubernetes` user:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig -f -
|
||||
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig --filename -
|
||||
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
|
||||
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
|
|
@ -354,26 +342,23 @@ In this section you will provision an external load balancer to front the Kubern
|
|||
|
||||
> The compute instances created in this tutorial will not have permission to complete this section. **Run the following commands from the same machine used to create the compute instances**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Provision a Network Load Balancer
|
||||
|
||||
Create the external load balancer network resources:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS="$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')"
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud compute http-health-checks create kubernetes \
|
||||
--description "Kubernetes Health Check" \
|
||||
--host "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" \
|
||||
--request-path "/healthz"
|
||||
--description 'Kubernetes Health Check' \
|
||||
--host kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
|
||||
--request-path /healthz
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud compute firewall-rules create kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-health-check \
|
||||
--allow tcp \
|
||||
--network kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--source-ranges 209.85.152.0/22,209.85.204.0/22,35.191.0.0/16 \
|
||||
--allow tcp
|
||||
--source-ranges 209.85.152.0/22,209.85.204.0/22,35.191.0.0/16
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud compute target-pools create kubernetes-target-pool \
|
||||
--http-health-check kubernetes
|
||||
|
|
@ -382,11 +367,9 @@ Create the external load balancer network resources:
|
|||
--instances controller-0,controller-1,controller-2
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud compute forwarding-rules create kubernetes-forwarding-rule \
|
||||
--address ${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS} \
|
||||
--address "${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}" \
|
||||
--ports 6443 \
|
||||
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
|
||||
--target-pool kubernetes-target-pool
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Verification
|
||||
|
|
@ -396,15 +379,14 @@ Create the external load balancer network resources:
|
|||
Retrieve the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` static IP address:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS="$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Make a HTTP request for the Kubernetes version info:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl --cacert ca.pem https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443/version
|
||||
curl --cacert ca.pem "https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443/version"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -412,15 +394,15 @@ curl --cacert ca.pem https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443/version
|
|||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
"major": "1",
|
||||
"minor": "21",
|
||||
"gitVersion": "v1.21.0",
|
||||
"gitCommit": "cb303e613a121a29364f75cc67d3d580833a7479",
|
||||
"minor": "27",
|
||||
"gitVersion": "v1.27.4",
|
||||
"gitCommit": "fa3d7990104d7c1f16943a67f11b154b71f6a132",
|
||||
"gitTreeState": "clean",
|
||||
"buildDate": "2021-04-08T16:25:06Z",
|
||||
"goVersion": "go1.16.1",
|
||||
"buildDate": "2023-07-19T12:14:49Z",
|
||||
"goVersion": "go1.20.6",
|
||||
"compiler": "gc",
|
||||
"platform": "linux/amd64"
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Worker Nodes](09-bootstrapping-kubernetes-workers.md)
|
||||
Next: [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Worker Nodes](./09-bootstrapping-kubernetes-workers.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Worker Nodes
|
||||
|
||||
In this lab you will bootstrap three Kubernetes worker nodes. The following components will be installed on each node: [runc](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc), [container networking plugins](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni), [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd), [kubelet](https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubelet), and [kube-proxy](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/proxies).
|
||||
In this lab you will bootstrap three Kubernetes worker nodes. The following components will be installed on each node: [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd), [runc](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc), [container networking plugins](https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins), [crictl](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools), [kube-proxy](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kube-proxy/), [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/), and [kubelet](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/).
|
||||
|
||||
## Prerequisites
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -12,17 +12,16 @@ gcloud compute ssh worker-0
|
|||
|
||||
### Running commands in parallel with tmux
|
||||
|
||||
[tmux](https://github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki) can be used to run commands on multiple compute instances at the same time. See the [Running commands in parallel with tmux](01-prerequisites.md#running-commands-in-parallel-with-tmux) section in the Prerequisites lab.
|
||||
[tmux](https://tmux.github.io/) can be used to run commands on multiple compute instances at the same time. See the [Running commands in parallel with tmux](./01-prerequisites.md#running-commands-in-parallel-with-tmux) section in the Prerequisites lab.
|
||||
|
||||
## Provisioning a Kubernetes Worker Node
|
||||
|
||||
Install the OS dependencies:
|
||||
Install the OS dependencies ([conntrack](https://conntrack-tools.netfilter.org/), [ipset](https://ipset.netfilter.org/), and [socat](socat)):
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get -y install socat conntrack ipset
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get --yes install conntrack ipset socat
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> The socat binary enables support for the `kubectl port-forward` command.
|
||||
|
|
@ -37,10 +36,10 @@ Verify if swap is enabled:
|
|||
sudo swapon --show
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If output is empthy then swap is not enabled. If swap is enabled run the following command to disable swap immediately:
|
||||
If output is empty then swap is not enabled. If swap is enabled run the following command to disable swap immediately:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo swapoff -a
|
||||
sudo swapoff --all
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> To ensure swap remains off after reboot consult your Linux distro documentation.
|
||||
|
|
@ -48,24 +47,33 @@ sudo swapoff -a
|
|||
### Download and Install Worker Binaries
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
|
||||
https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.21.0/crictl-v1.21.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
|
||||
https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.0.0-rc93/runc.amd64 \
|
||||
https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.9.1/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.9.1.tgz \
|
||||
https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.4.4/containerd-1.4.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
|
||||
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.21.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl \
|
||||
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.21.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-proxy \
|
||||
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.21.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubelet
|
||||
curl --location \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond containerd-1.7.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
|
||||
https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.3/containerd-1.7.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond containerd.service \
|
||||
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.7.3/containerd.service \
|
||||
--output runc --time-cond runc \
|
||||
https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.8/runc.amd64 \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz \
|
||||
https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.3.0/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond crictl-v1.27.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
|
||||
https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.27.1/crictl-v1.27.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond kube-proxy \
|
||||
https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.27.4/bin/linux/amd64/kube-proxy \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond kubectl \
|
||||
https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.27.4/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl \
|
||||
--remote-name --time-cond kubelet \
|
||||
https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.27.4/bin/linux/amd64/kubelet
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the installation directories:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p \
|
||||
sudo mkdir --parents \
|
||||
/etc/cni/net.d \
|
||||
/opt/cni/bin \
|
||||
/var/lib/kubelet \
|
||||
/var/lib/kube-proxy \
|
||||
/var/lib/kubelet \
|
||||
/var/lib/kubernetes \
|
||||
/var/run/kubernetes
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -73,16 +81,21 @@ sudo mkdir -p \
|
|||
Install the worker binaries:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
mkdir containerd
|
||||
tar -xvf crictl-v1.21.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
|
||||
tar -xvf containerd-1.4.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C containerd
|
||||
sudo tar -xvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.9.1.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin/
|
||||
sudo mv runc.amd64 runc
|
||||
chmod +x crictl kubectl kube-proxy kubelet runc
|
||||
sudo mv crictl kubectl kube-proxy kubelet runc /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
sudo mv containerd/bin/* /bin/
|
||||
}
|
||||
sudo tar --directory /usr/local/ --extract \
|
||||
--file containerd-1.7.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz --gunzip --verbose
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mkdir --parents /usr/local/lib/systemd/system
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cp containerd.service /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/
|
||||
|
||||
sudo install --mode 0755 runc /usr/local/sbin/
|
||||
|
||||
tar --extract --file crictl-v1.27.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz --gunzip --verbose
|
||||
|
||||
sudo tar --directory /opt/cni/bin/ --extract \
|
||||
--file cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz --gunzip --verbose
|
||||
|
||||
sudo install --mode 0755 crictl kube-proxy kubectl kubelet /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Configure CNI Networking
|
||||
|
|
@ -90,40 +103,42 @@ Install the worker binaries:
|
|||
Retrieve the Pod CIDR range for the current compute instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
POD_CIDR=$(curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
|
||||
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/pod-cidr)
|
||||
POD_CIDR="$(curl --silent --header 'Metadata-Flavor: Google' \
|
||||
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/pod-cidr)"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `bridge` network configuration file:
|
||||
Create the CNI config file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/cni/net.d/10-bridge.conf
|
||||
cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/cni/net.d/10-containerd-net.conflist
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cniVersion": "1.0.0",
|
||||
"name": "containerd-net",
|
||||
"plugins": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cniVersion": "0.4.0",
|
||||
"name": "bridge",
|
||||
"type": "bridge",
|
||||
"bridge": "cnio0",
|
||||
"bridge": "cni0",
|
||||
"isGateway": true,
|
||||
"ipMasq": true,
|
||||
"promiscMode": true,
|
||||
"ipam": {
|
||||
"type": "host-local",
|
||||
"ranges": [
|
||||
[{"subnet": "${POD_CIDR}"}]
|
||||
[{
|
||||
"subnet": "${POD_CIDR}"
|
||||
}]
|
||||
],
|
||||
"routes": [{"dst": "0.0.0.0/0"}]
|
||||
"routes": [
|
||||
{ "dst": "0.0.0.0/0" }
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `loopback` network configuration file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/cni/net.d/99-loopback.conf
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cniVersion": "0.4.0",
|
||||
"name": "lo",
|
||||
"type": "loopback"
|
||||
"type": "portmap",
|
||||
"capabilities": {"portMappings": true},
|
||||
"externalSetMarkChain": "KUBE-MARK-MASQ"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -133,55 +148,19 @@ EOF
|
|||
Create the `containerd` configuration file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd/
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mkdir --parents /etc/containerd
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
|
||||
[plugins]
|
||||
[plugins.cri.containerd]
|
||||
snapshotter = "overlayfs"
|
||||
[plugins.cri.containerd.default_runtime]
|
||||
runtime_type = "io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"
|
||||
runtime_engine = "/usr/local/bin/runc"
|
||||
runtime_root = ""
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `containerd.service` systemd unit file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=containerd container runtime
|
||||
Documentation=https://containerd.io
|
||||
After=network.target
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe overlay
|
||||
ExecStart=/bin/containerd
|
||||
Restart=always
|
||||
RestartSec=5
|
||||
Delegate=yes
|
||||
KillMode=process
|
||||
OOMScoreAdjust=-999
|
||||
LimitNOFILE=1048576
|
||||
LimitNPROC=infinity
|
||||
LimitCORE=infinity
|
||||
|
||||
[Install]
|
||||
WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Configure the Kubelet
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
sudo mv ${HOSTNAME}-key.pem ${HOSTNAME}.pem /var/lib/kubelet/
|
||||
sudo mv ${HOSTNAME}.kubeconfig /var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig
|
||||
sudo mv ca.pem /var/lib/kubernetes/
|
||||
}
|
||||
sudo cp "${HOSTNAME}-key.pem" "${HOSTNAME}.pem" /var/lib/kubelet/
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cp "${HOSTNAME}.kubeconfig" /var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cp ca.pem /var/lib/kubernetes/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `kubelet-config.yaml` configuration file:
|
||||
|
|
@ -215,7 +194,7 @@ EOF
|
|||
Create the `kubelet.service` systemd unit file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
|
||||
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
|
||||
|
|
@ -224,14 +203,11 @@ Requires=containerd.service
|
|||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \\
|
||||
--config=/var/lib/kubelet/kubelet-config.yaml \\
|
||||
--container-runtime=remote \\
|
||||
--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock \\
|
||||
--image-pull-progress-deadline=2m \\
|
||||
--kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig \\
|
||||
--network-plugin=cni \\
|
||||
--register-node=true \\
|
||||
--v=2
|
||||
--config /var/lib/kubelet/kubelet-config.yaml \\
|
||||
--container-runtime-endpoint unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock \\
|
||||
--kubeconfig /var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig \\
|
||||
--register-node \\
|
||||
--v 2
|
||||
Restart=on-failure
|
||||
RestartSec=5
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -243,7 +219,7 @@ EOF
|
|||
### Configure the Kubernetes Proxy
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo mv kube-proxy.kubeconfig /var/lib/kube-proxy/kubeconfig
|
||||
sudo cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /var/lib/kube-proxy/kubeconfig
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `kube-proxy-config.yaml` configuration file:
|
||||
|
|
@ -262,14 +238,14 @@ EOF
|
|||
Create the `kube-proxy.service` systemd unit file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
|
||||
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
|
||||
[Unit]
|
||||
Description=Kubernetes Kube Proxy
|
||||
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \\
|
||||
--config=/var/lib/kube-proxy/kube-proxy-config.yaml
|
||||
--config /var/lib/kube-proxy/kube-proxy-config.yaml
|
||||
Restart=on-failure
|
||||
RestartSec=5
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -281,11 +257,7 @@ EOF
|
|||
### Start the Worker Services
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable containerd kubelet kube-proxy
|
||||
sudo systemctl start containerd kubelet kube-proxy
|
||||
}
|
||||
sudo systemctl enable --now containerd kubelet kube-proxy
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> Remember to run the above commands on each worker node: `worker-0`, `worker-1`, and `worker-2`.
|
||||
|
|
@ -298,16 +270,16 @@ List the registered Kubernetes nodes:
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud compute ssh controller-0 \
|
||||
--command "kubectl get nodes --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig"
|
||||
--command 'kubectl get nodes --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
|
||||
worker-0 Ready <none> 22s v1.21.0
|
||||
worker-1 Ready <none> 22s v1.21.0
|
||||
worker-2 Ready <none> 22s v1.21.0
|
||||
worker-0 Ready <none> 37s v1.27.4
|
||||
worker-1 Ready <none> 37s v1.27.4
|
||||
worker-2 Ready <none> 37s v1.27.4
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Configuring kubectl for Remote Access](10-configuring-kubectl.md)
|
||||
Next: [Configuring kubectl for Remote Access](./10-configuring-kubectl.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -11,26 +11,23 @@ Each kubeconfig requires a Kubernetes API Server to connect to. To support high
|
|||
Generate a kubeconfig file suitable for authenticating as the `admin` user:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')
|
||||
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS="$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--format 'value(address)')"
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs=true \
|
||||
--server=https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443
|
||||
--certificate-authority ca.pem \
|
||||
--embed-certs \
|
||||
--server "https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443"
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-credentials admin \
|
||||
--client-certificate=admin.pem \
|
||||
--client-key=admin-key.pem
|
||||
--client-certificate admin.pem \
|
||||
--client-key admin-key.pem
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config set-context kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--cluster=kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--user=admin
|
||||
--cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--user admin
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config use-context kubernetes-the-hard-way
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Verification
|
||||
|
|
@ -38,14 +35,15 @@ Generate a kubeconfig file suitable for authenticating as the `admin` user:
|
|||
Check the version of the remote Kubernetes cluster:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl version
|
||||
kubectl version --short
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.0", GitCommit:"cb303e613a121a29364f75cc67d3d580833a7479", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-04-08T16:31:21Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.1", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
|
||||
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.0", GitCommit:"cb303e613a121a29364f75cc67d3d580833a7479", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-04-08T16:25:06Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.1", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
|
||||
Client Version: v1.27.4
|
||||
Kustomize Version: v5.0.1
|
||||
Server Version: v1.27.4
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
List the nodes in the remote Kubernetes cluster:
|
||||
|
|
@ -58,9 +56,9 @@ kubectl get nodes
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
|
||||
worker-0 Ready <none> 2m35s v1.21.0
|
||||
worker-1 Ready <none> 2m35s v1.21.0
|
||||
worker-2 Ready <none> 2m35s v1.21.0
|
||||
worker-0 Ready <none> 5m38s v1.27.4
|
||||
worker-1 Ready <none> 5m38s v1.27.4
|
||||
worker-2 Ready <none> 5m38s v1.27.4
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Provisioning Pod Network Routes](11-pod-network-routes.md)
|
||||
Next: [Provisioning Pod Network Routes](./11-pod-network-routes.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# Provisioning Pod Network Routes
|
||||
|
||||
Pods scheduled to a node receive an IP address from the node's Pod CIDR range. At this point pods can not communicate with other pods running on different nodes due to missing network [routes](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/vpc/routes).
|
||||
Pods scheduled to a node receive an IP address from the node's Pod CIDR range. At this point pods can not communicate with other pods running on different nodes due to missing network [routes](https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/routes).
|
||||
|
||||
In this lab you will create a route for each worker node that maps the node's Pod CIDR range to the node's internal IP address.
|
||||
|
||||
> There are [other ways](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/networking/#how-to-achieve-this) to implement the Kubernetes networking model.
|
||||
> There are [other ways](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/networking/#how-to-implement-the-kubernetes-network-model) to implement the Kubernetes networking model.
|
||||
|
||||
## The Routing Table
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Print the internal IP address and Pod CIDR range for each worker instance:
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for instance in worker-0 worker-1 worker-2; do
|
||||
gcloud compute instances describe ${instance} \
|
||||
gcloud compute instances describe "${instance}" \
|
||||
--format 'value[separator=" "](networkInterfaces[0].networkIP,metadata.items[0].value)'
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -33,17 +33,17 @@ Create network routes for each worker instance:
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
for i in 0 1 2; do
|
||||
gcloud compute routes create kubernetes-route-10-200-${i}-0-24 \
|
||||
gcloud compute routes create "kubernetes-route-10-200-${i}-0-24" \
|
||||
--destination-range "10.200.${i}.0/24" \
|
||||
--network kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--next-hop-address 10.240.0.2${i} \
|
||||
--destination-range 10.200.${i}.0/24
|
||||
--next-hop-address "10.240.0.2${i}"
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
List the routes in the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` VPC network:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud compute routes list --filter "network: kubernetes-the-hard-way"
|
||||
gcloud compute routes list --filter 'network: kubernetes-the-hard-way'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,4 +57,4 @@ kubernetes-route-10-200-1-0-24 kubernetes-the-hard-way 10.200.1.0/24 10.240.0
|
|||
kubernetes-route-10-200-2-0-24 kubernetes-the-hard-way 10.200.2.0/24 10.240.0.22 1000
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Deploying the DNS Cluster Add-on](12-dns-addon.md)
|
||||
Next: [Deploying the DNS Cluster Add-on](./12-dns-addon.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
|
|||
# Deploying the DNS Cluster Add-on
|
||||
|
||||
In this lab you will deploy the [DNS add-on](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/) which provides DNS based service discovery, backed by [CoreDNS](https://coredns.io/), to applications running inside the Kubernetes cluster.
|
||||
In this lab you will deploy the [DNS add-on](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/) which provides DNS based service discovery, backed by [CoreDNS](https://github.com/coredns/coredns), to applications running inside the Kubernetes cluster.
|
||||
|
||||
## The DNS Cluster Add-on
|
||||
|
||||
Deploy the `coredns` cluster add-on:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl apply -f https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/coredns-1.8.yaml
|
||||
kubectl apply --filename ./manifests/coredns-1.10.1.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ serviceaccount/coredns created
|
|||
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
|
||||
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns created
|
||||
configmap/coredns created
|
||||
deployment.apps/coredns created
|
||||
service/kube-dns created
|
||||
deployment.apps/coredns created
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
List the pods created by the `kube-dns` deployment:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl get pods -l k8s-app=kube-dns -n kube-system
|
||||
kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system --selector k8s-app=kube-dns
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -37,16 +37,16 @@ coredns-8494f9c688-zqrj2 1/1 Running 0 10s
|
|||
|
||||
## Verification
|
||||
|
||||
Create a `busybox` deployment:
|
||||
Create a `busybox` pod:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl run busybox --image=busybox:1.28 --command -- sleep 3600
|
||||
kubectl run busybox --image busybox:1.36.1 --command -- sleep infinity
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
List the pod created by the `busybox` deployment:
|
||||
List the pod created:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl get pods -l run=busybox
|
||||
kubectl get pods --selector run=busybox
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -59,13 +59,14 @@ busybox 1/1 Running 0 3s
|
|||
Retrieve the full name of the `busybox` pod:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -l run=busybox -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
|
||||
POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --selector run=busybox \
|
||||
--output jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Execute a DNS lookup for the `kubernetes` service inside the `busybox` pod:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl exec -ti $POD_NAME -- nslookup kubernetes
|
||||
kubectl exec --stdin --tty "${POD_NAME}" -- nslookup kubernetes
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -78,4 +79,10 @@ Name: kubernetes
|
|||
Address 1: 10.32.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Smoke Test](13-smoke-test.md)
|
||||
Delete the `busybox` pod:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl delete pod "${POD_NAME}"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Smoke Test](./13-smoke-test.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -10,19 +10,20 @@ Create a generic secret:
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--from-literal="mykey=mydata"
|
||||
--from-literal 'mykey=mydata'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Print a hexdump of the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` secret stored in etcd:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud compute ssh controller-0 \
|
||||
--command "sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl get \
|
||||
--endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
|
||||
--command 'sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl get \
|
||||
--cacert=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
|
||||
--cert=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
|
||||
--endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
|
||||
--key=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem\
|
||||
/registry/secrets/default/kubernetes-the-hard-way | hexdump -C"
|
||||
/registry/secrets/default/kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
| hexdump -C'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -59,16 +60,16 @@ The etcd key should be prefixed with `k8s:enc:aescbc:v1:key1`, which indicates t
|
|||
|
||||
In this section you will verify the ability to create and manage [Deployments](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/).
|
||||
|
||||
Create a deployment for the [nginx](https://nginx.org/en/) web server:
|
||||
Create a deployment for the [nginx](https://nginx.org/) web server:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
|
||||
kubectl create deployment nginx --image nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
List the pod created by the `nginx` deployment:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl get pods -l app=nginx
|
||||
kubectl get pods --selector app=nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -85,13 +86,13 @@ In this section you will verify the ability to access applications remotely usin
|
|||
Retrieve the full name of the `nginx` pod:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -l app=nginx -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
|
||||
POD_NAME="$(kubectl get pods --selector app=nginx --output jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Forward port `8080` on your local machine to port `80` of the `nginx` pod:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:80
|
||||
kubectl port-forward "${POD_NAME}" 8080:80
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
|
@ -111,13 +112,13 @@ curl --head http://127.0.0.1:8080
|
|||
|
||||
```
|
||||
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
||||
Server: nginx/1.19.10
|
||||
Date: Sun, 02 May 2021 05:29:25 GMT
|
||||
Server: nginx/1.25.1
|
||||
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2023 11:17:53 GMT
|
||||
Content-Type: text/html
|
||||
Content-Length: 612
|
||||
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Apr 2021 15:13:59 GMT
|
||||
Content-Length: 615
|
||||
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 15:08:10 GMT
|
||||
Connection: keep-alive
|
||||
ETag: "6075b537-264"
|
||||
ETag: "6488865a-267"
|
||||
Accept-Ranges: bytes
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -137,30 +138,30 @@ In this section you will verify the ability to [retrieve container logs](https:/
|
|||
Print the `nginx` pod logs:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl logs $POD_NAME
|
||||
kubectl logs "${POD_NAME}"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
...
|
||||
127.0.0.1 - - [02/May/2021:05:29:25 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.64.0" "-"
|
||||
127.0.0.1 - - [31/Jul/2023:11:15:02 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/8.0.1" "-"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Exec
|
||||
|
||||
In this section you will verify the ability to [execute commands in a container](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/#running-individual-commands-in-a-container).
|
||||
In this section you will verify the ability to [execute commands in a container](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug/debug-application/get-shell-running-container/#running-individual-commands-in-a-container).
|
||||
|
||||
Print the nginx version by executing the `nginx -v` command in the `nginx` container:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
kubectl exec -ti $POD_NAME -- nginx -v
|
||||
kubectl exec --stdin --tty $POD_"${POD_NAME}" -- nginx -v
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
nginx version: nginx/1.19.10
|
||||
nginx version: nginx/1.25.1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Services
|
||||
|
|
@ -173,48 +174,48 @@ Expose the `nginx` deployment using a [NodePort](https://kubernetes.io/docs/conc
|
|||
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port 80 --type NodePort
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> The LoadBalancer service type can not be used because your cluster is not configured with [cloud provider integration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/scratch/#cloud-provider). Setting up cloud provider integration is out of scope for this tutorial.
|
||||
> The LoadBalancer service type can not be used because your cluster is not configured with [cloud provider integration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller/). Setting up cloud provider integration is out of scope for this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
Retrieve the node port assigned to the `nginx` service:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get svc nginx \
|
||||
--output=jsonpath='{range .spec.ports[0]}{.nodePort}')
|
||||
NODE_PORT="$(kubectl get svc nginx \
|
||||
--output jsonpath='{range .spec.ports[0]}{.nodePort}')"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create a firewall rule that allows remote access to the `nginx` node port:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud compute firewall-rules create kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-nginx-service \
|
||||
--allow=tcp:${NODE_PORT} \
|
||||
--allow "tcp:${NODE_PORT}" \
|
||||
--network kubernetes-the-hard-way
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Retrieve the external IP address of a worker instance:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
EXTERNAL_IP=$(gcloud compute instances describe worker-0 \
|
||||
--format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP)')
|
||||
EXTERNAL_IP="$(gcloud compute instances describe worker-0 \
|
||||
--format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP)')"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Make an HTTP request using the external IP address and the `nginx` node port:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
curl -I http://${EXTERNAL_IP}:${NODE_PORT}
|
||||
curl --head "http://${EXTERNAL_IP}:${NODE_PORT}"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> output
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
||||
Server: nginx/1.19.10
|
||||
Date: Sun, 02 May 2021 05:31:52 GMT
|
||||
Server: nginx/1.25.1
|
||||
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2023 11:24:03 GMT
|
||||
Content-Type: text/html
|
||||
Content-Length: 612
|
||||
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Apr 2021 15:13:59 GMT
|
||||
Content-Length: 615
|
||||
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 15:08:10 GMT
|
||||
Connection: keep-alive
|
||||
ETag: "6075b537-264"
|
||||
ETag: "6488865a-267"
|
||||
Accept-Ranges: bytes
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next: [Cleaning Up](14-cleanup.md)
|
||||
Next: [Cleaning Up](./14-cleanup.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# Cleaning Up
|
||||
|
||||
In this lab you will delete the compute resources created during this tutorial.
|
||||
In this lab you will delete the compute resources and optionally the files and configurations created during this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
## Compute Instances
|
||||
|
||||
Delete the controller and worker compute instances:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud -q compute instances delete \
|
||||
gcloud compute instances delete \
|
||||
controller-0 controller-1 controller-2 \
|
||||
worker-0 worker-1 worker-2 \
|
||||
--zone $(gcloud config get-value compute/zone)
|
||||
--quiet
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Networking
|
||||
|
|
@ -18,46 +18,56 @@ gcloud -q compute instances delete \
|
|||
Delete the external load balancer network resources:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
gcloud -q compute forwarding-rules delete kubernetes-forwarding-rule \
|
||||
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region)
|
||||
gcloud compute forwarding-rules delete kubernetes-forwarding-rule --quiet
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud -q compute target-pools delete kubernetes-target-pool
|
||||
gcloud compute target-pools delete kubernetes-target-pool --quiet
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud -q compute http-health-checks delete kubernetes
|
||||
gcloud compute http-health-checks delete kubernetes --quiet
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud -q compute addresses delete kubernetes-the-hard-way
|
||||
}
|
||||
gcloud compute addresses delete kubernetes-the-hard-way --quiet
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Delete the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` firewall rules:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud -q compute firewall-rules delete \
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-nginx-service \
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-internal \
|
||||
gcloud compute firewall-rules delete \
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-external \
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-health-check
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-health-check \
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-internal \
|
||||
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-nginx-service \
|
||||
--quiet
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Delete the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` network VPC:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
gcloud -q compute routes delete \
|
||||
gcloud compute routes delete \
|
||||
kubernetes-route-10-200-0-0-24 \
|
||||
kubernetes-route-10-200-1-0-24 \
|
||||
kubernetes-route-10-200-2-0-24
|
||||
kubernetes-route-10-200-2-0-24 \
|
||||
--quiet
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud -q compute networks subnets delete kubernetes
|
||||
gcloud compute networks subnets delete kubernetes --quiet
|
||||
|
||||
gcloud -q compute networks delete kubernetes-the-hard-way
|
||||
}
|
||||
gcloud compute networks delete kubernetes-the-hard-way --quiet
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Delete the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` compute address:
|
||||
## Cleanup The Admin Kubernetes Configuration File
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
gcloud -q compute addresses delete kubernetes-the-hard-way \
|
||||
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region)
|
||||
kubectl config unset current-context
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config delete-context kubernetes-the-hard-way
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config delete-user admin
|
||||
|
||||
kubectl config delete-cluster kubernetes-the-hard-way
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Cleanup the Client Tools
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo rm -i /usr/local/bin/cfssl \
|
||||
/usr/local/bin/cfssljson \
|
||||
/usr/local/bin/kubectl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: ServiceAccount
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
|
|
@ -22,11 +23,12 @@ rules:
|
|||
- list
|
||||
- watch
|
||||
- apiGroups:
|
||||
- ""
|
||||
- discovery.k8s.io
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
- nodes
|
||||
- endpointslices
|
||||
verbs:
|
||||
- get
|
||||
- list
|
||||
- watch
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
|
||||
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
|
||||
|
|
@ -51,30 +53,61 @@ metadata:
|
|||
name: coredns
|
||||
namespace: kube-system
|
||||
data:
|
||||
Corefile: |
|
||||
Corefile: |-
|
||||
.:53 {
|
||||
errors
|
||||
health
|
||||
health {
|
||||
lameduck 5s
|
||||
}
|
||||
ready
|
||||
kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
|
||||
pods insecure
|
||||
fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
|
||||
ttl 30
|
||||
}
|
||||
prometheus :9153
|
||||
prometheus 0.0.0.0:9153
|
||||
forward . /etc/resolv.conf
|
||||
cache 30
|
||||
loop
|
||||
reload
|
||||
loadbalance
|
||||
}
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Service
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
prometheus.io/port: "9153"
|
||||
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
|
||||
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
|
||||
name: kube-dns
|
||||
namespace: kube-system
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
clusterIP: 10.32.0.10
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: dns-udp
|
||||
port: 53
|
||||
protocol: UDP
|
||||
- name: dns-tcp
|
||||
port: 53
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: metrics
|
||||
port: 9153
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: apps/v1
|
||||
kind: Deployment
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: coredns
|
||||
namespace: kube-system
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
|
||||
name: coredns
|
||||
namespace: kube-system
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
replicas: 2
|
||||
strategy:
|
||||
|
|
@ -89,46 +122,10 @@ spec:
|
|||
labels:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
|
||||
serviceAccountName: coredns
|
||||
tolerations:
|
||||
- key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
|
||||
operator: "Exists"
|
||||
nodeSelector:
|
||||
beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
|
||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: coredns
|
||||
image: coredns/coredns:1.7.0
|
||||
- args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
|
||||
image: coredns/coredns:1.10.1
|
||||
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
limits:
|
||||
memory: 170Mi
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
cpu: 100m
|
||||
memory: 70Mi
|
||||
args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: config-volume
|
||||
mountPath: /etc/coredns
|
||||
readOnly: true
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 53
|
||||
name: dns
|
||||
protocol: UDP
|
||||
- containerPort: 53
|
||||
name: dns-tcp
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- containerPort: 9153
|
||||
name: metrics
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
|
||||
capabilities:
|
||||
add:
|
||||
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
|
||||
drop:
|
||||
- all
|
||||
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
|
||||
livenessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /health
|
||||
|
|
@ -138,12 +135,49 @@ spec:
|
|||
timeoutSeconds: 5
|
||||
successThreshold: 1
|
||||
failureThreshold: 5
|
||||
name: coredns
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- containerPort: 53
|
||||
name: dns-udp
|
||||
protocol: UDP
|
||||
- containerPort: 53
|
||||
name: dns-tcp
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- containerPort: 9153
|
||||
name: metrics
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
readinessProbe:
|
||||
httpGet:
|
||||
path: /ready
|
||||
port: 8181
|
||||
scheme: HTTP
|
||||
resources:
|
||||
limits:
|
||||
cpu: 100m
|
||||
memory: 128Mi
|
||||
requests:
|
||||
cpu: 100m
|
||||
memory: 128Mi
|
||||
securityContext:
|
||||
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
|
||||
capabilities:
|
||||
add:
|
||||
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
|
||||
drop:
|
||||
- all
|
||||
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: config-volume
|
||||
mountPath: /etc/coredns
|
||||
readOnly: true
|
||||
dnsPolicy: Default
|
||||
nodeSelector:
|
||||
kubernetes.io/os: linux
|
||||
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
|
||||
serviceAccountName: coredns
|
||||
tolerations:
|
||||
- key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
|
||||
operator: "Exists"
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- name: config-volume
|
||||
configMap:
|
||||
|
|
@ -151,30 +185,3 @@ spec:
|
|||
items:
|
||||
- key: Corefile
|
||||
path: Corefile
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
kind: Service
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: kube-dns
|
||||
namespace: kube-system
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
prometheus.io/port: "9153"
|
||||
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
|
||||
labels:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
|
||||
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
k8s-app: kube-dns
|
||||
clusterIP: 10.32.0.10
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- name: dns
|
||||
port: 53
|
||||
protocol: UDP
|
||||
- name: dns-tcp
|
||||
port: 53
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
- name: metrics
|
||||
port: 9153
|
||||
protocol: TCP
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue