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### Passo 4: Escale o design ### Passo 4: Escale o design
Identify and address bottlenecks, given the constraints. For example, do you need the following to address scalability issues? Identifique e direcione gargalos, dadas nas restrições. Por exemplo, você precisa do seguinte para endereças problemas de escalabilidade?
* Load balancer * Load balancer
* Horizontal scaling * Escalabilidade Horizontal
* Caching * Caching
* Database sharding * Database sharding
Discuss potential solutions and trade-offs. Everything is a trade-off. Address bottlenecks using [principles of scalable system design](#index-of-system-design-topics). Discuta pontenciais soluções e trade-offs. Tudo é um trade-off. Enderece gargalos usando [princípios de escalabilidade de system design](#index-of-system-design-topics).
### Back-of-the-envelope calculations ### Cálculo de fundo de envelope(Back-of-the-envelope)
You might be asked to do some estimates by hand. Refer to the [Appendix](#appendix) for the following resources: Você pode ser perguntado para fazer algumas estimativas à mão. Referência para o [Appendix](#appendix) para os seguintes recursos:
* [Use back of the envelope calculations](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/1/26/google-pro-tip-use-back-of-the-envelope-calculations-to-choo.html) * [Use cálculo de fundo de envelope(back of the envelope)](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/1/26/google-pro-tip-use-back-of-the-envelope-calculations-to-choo.html)
* [Powers of two table](#powers-of-two-table) * [O poder de duas tabelas](#powers-of-two-table)
* [Latency numbers every programmer should know](#latency-numbers-every-programmer-should-know) * [Número de latência que todo programador deveria saber](#latency-numbers-every-programmer-should-know)
### Source(s) and further reading ### Referência(s) e leitura de aprofundamento
Check out the following links to get a better idea of what to expect: Verifique os seguintes links para ter uma ideia melhor do que espera:
* [How to ace a systems design interview](https://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) * [Como passar em uma entrevista de design de sistemas](https://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/)
* [The system design interview](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design) * [A entrevista de design de sistemas](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design)
* [Intro to Architecture and Systems Design Interviews](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdS0EUmn70) * [Introdução a Arquitetura e entrevista de design de sistemas](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdS0EUmn70)
* [System design template](https://leetcode.com/discuss/career/229177/My-System-Design-Template) * [Template de design de sistemas](https://leetcode.com/discuss/career/229177/My-System-Design-Template)
## System design interview questions with solutions ## Questões de entrevista de design de sistemas com soluções
> Common system design interview questions with sample discussions, code, and diagrams. > Questões comuns em entrevistas de Design de sistemas com discussões simples, código e diagramas.
> >
> Solutions linked to content in the `solutions/` folder. > O conteúdo das soluções estão na pasta `solutions/`.
| Question | | | Pergunta | |
|---|---| |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---|
| Design Pastebin.com (or Bit.ly) | [Solution](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md) | | Design Pastebin.com (ou Bit.ly) | [Solution](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md) |
| Design the Twitter timeline and search (or Facebook feed and search) | [Solution](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md) | | Design a timeline do Twitter e a pesquisa (ou o feed do Facebook e a pesquisa) | [Solution](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md) |
| Design a web crawler | [Solution](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md) | | Design um web crawler | [Solution](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md) |
| Design Mint.com | [Solution](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md) | | Design Mint.com | [Solution](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md) |
| Design the data structures for a social network | [Solution](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md) | | Design a estrutura de dados para uma rede social | [Solution](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md) |
| Design a key-value store for a search engine | [Solution](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md) | | Design um armazenamento chave-valor para uma máquina de busca | [Solution](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md) |
| Design Amazon's sales ranking by category feature | [Solution](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md) | | Design a funcionalidade de ranking de vendas da Amazon por categoria | [Solution](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md) |
| Design a system that scales to millions of users on AWS | [Solution](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md) | | Design um sistema que escala para milhões de usuários na AWS | [Solution](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md) |
| Add a system design question | [Contribute](#contributing) | | Adicione uma questão sobre Design de sistema | [Contribute](#contributing) |
### Design Pastebin.com (or Bit.ly) ### Design Pastebin.com (ou Bit.ly)
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md) [Veja exercício e solução](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md)
![Imgur](images/4edXG0T.png) ![Imgur](images/4edXG0T.png)
### Design the Twitter timeline and search (or Facebook feed and search) ### Design a timeline do Twitter e a pesquisa (ou o feed do Facebook e a pesquisa)
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md) [Veja exercício e solução](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md)
![Imgur](images/jrUBAF7.png) ![Imgur](images/jrUBAF7.png)
### Design a web crawler ### Design um web crawler
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md) [Veja exercício e solução](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md)
![Imgur](images/bWxPtQA.png) ![Imgur](images/bWxPtQA.png)
### Design Mint.com ### Design Mint.com
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md) [Veja exercício e solução](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md)
![Imgur](images/V5q57vU.png) ![Imgur](images/V5q57vU.png)
### Design the data structures for a social network ### Design a estrutura de dados para uma rede social
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md)
![Imgur](images/cdCv5g7.png) ![Imgur](images/cdCv5g7.png)
### Design a key-value store for a search engine ### Design um armazenamento chave-valor para uma máquina de busca
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md)
![Imgur](images/4j99mhe.png) ![Imgur](images/4j99mhe.png)
### Design Amazon's sales ranking by category feature ### Design a funcionalidade de ranking de vendas da Amazon por categoria
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md)
![Imgur](images/MzExP06.png) ![Imgur](images/MzExP06.png)
### Design a system that scales to millions of users on AWS ### Design um sistema que escala para milhões de usuários na AWS
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md)
![Imgur](images/jj3A5N8.png) ![Imgur](images/jj3A5N8.png)
## Object-oriented design interview questions with solutions ## Adicione uma questão sobre Design de sistema
> Common object-oriented design interview questions with sample discussions, code, and diagrams. > Questões comuns em entrevistas de Design de sistemas com discussões simples, código e diagramas.
> >
> Solutions linked to content in the `solutions/` folder. > O conteúdo das soluções estão na pasta `solutions/`.
>**Note: This section is under development** >**Nota: Essa sessão está em desevolvimento**
| Question | | | Pergunta | |
|---|---| |-----------------------------------------|---|
| Design a hash map | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/hash_table/hash_map.ipynb) | | Design um hash map | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/hash_table/hash_map.ipynb) |
| Design a least recently used cache | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/lru_cache/lru_cache.ipynb) | | Design um cache usado menos recentemente | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/lru_cache/lru_cache.ipynb) |
| Design a call center | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/call_center/call_center.ipynb) | | Design um call center | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/call_center/call_center.ipynb) |
| Design a deck of cards | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/deck_of_cards/deck_of_cards.ipynb) | | Design um deck de cards | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/deck_of_cards/deck_of_cards.ipynb) |
| Design a parking lot | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/parking_lot/parking_lot.ipynb) | | Design um estacionamento | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/parking_lot/parking_lot.ipynb) |
| Design a chat server | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/online_chat/online_chat.ipynb) | | Design um servidor de bate-papo | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/online_chat/online_chat.ipynb) |
| Design a circular array | [Contribute](#contributing) | | Design um array circular | [Contribute](#contributing) |
| Add an object-oriented design question | [Contribute](#contributing) | | Adicione uma questão sobre Design de sistema | [Contribute](#contributing) |
## System design topics: start here ## Tópico de design de sistemas: Começa aqui
New to system design? Novato em design de sistemas?
First, you'll need a basic understanding of common principles, learning about what they are, how they are used, and their pros and cons. Primeiro, você precisará de um entedimento básico de princípios comuns, aprender sobre o que são, como estão usados, e os prós e contras de cada um.
### Step 1: Review the scalability video lecture ### Passo 1: Revise a palestra em vídeo sobre escalabilidade
[Scalability Lecture at Harvard](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) [Palestra sobre escalabilidade em Harvard](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4)
* Topics covered: * Tópicos cobertos:
* Vertical scaling * Escalabilidade Vertical
* Horizontal scaling * Escalabilidade Horizontal
* Caching * Caching
* Load balancing * Load balancing
* Database replication * Replicação de Banco de dados
* Database partitioning * Particionamento de Banco de dados
### Step 2: Review the scalability article ### Passo 2: Revise artigos sobre escalabilidade
[Scalability](https://web.archive.org/web/20221030091841/http://www.lecloud.net/tagged/scalability/chrono) [Escalabilidade](https://web.archive.org/web/20221030091841/http://www.lecloud.net/tagged/scalability/chrono)
* Topics covered: * Tópicos cobertos:
* [Clones](https://web.archive.org/web/20220530193911/https://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) * [Clones](https://web.archive.org/web/20220530193911/https://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones)
* [Databases](https://web.archive.org/web/20220602114024/https://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) * [Banco de dados](https://web.archive.org/web/20220602114024/https://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database)
* [Caches](https://web.archive.org/web/20230126233752/https://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) * [Caches](https://web.archive.org/web/20230126233752/https://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache)
* [Asynchronism](https://web.archive.org/web/20220926171507/https://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) * [Assincronísmo](https://web.archive.org/web/20220926171507/https://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism)
### Next steps ### Próximos passos
Next, we'll look at high-level trade-offs: Next, we'll look at high-level trade-offs: