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@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ Consulta le [linee guida per Contribuire](CONTRIBUTING.md).
* [Modelli di disponibilità](#availability-patterns) * [Modelli di disponibilità](#availability-patterns)
* [Fail-over](#fail-over) * [Fail-over](#fail-over)
* [Replica](#replication) * [Replica](#replication)
* [Availability in numbers](#availability-in-numbers) * [Disponibilità in numeri](#availability-in-numbers)
* [Domain name system](#domain-name-system) * [Domain name system](#domain-name-system)
* [Content delivery network](#content-delivery-network) * [Rete di distribuzione dei contenuti](#content-delivery-network)
* [Push CDNs](#push-cdns) * [Push CDNs](#push-cdns)
* [Pull CDNs](#pull-cdns) * [Pull CDNs](#pull-cdns)
* [Load balancer](#load-balancer) * [Load balancer](#load-balancer)
@ -199,13 +199,13 @@ Quello che stai chiedendo dipende da vari fattori:
Ci si aspetta che i candidati con più esperienza abbiamo più esperienza anche con il design di sistemi. Dagli architetti o dai leader di team ci si aspetta una conoscenza maggiore rispetto ai contributori individuali. È probabile che le compagnie migliori abbiamo più colloqui riguardo al design. Ci si aspetta che i candidati con più esperienza abbiamo più esperienza anche con il design di sistemi. Dagli architetti o dai leader di team ci si aspetta una conoscenza maggiore rispetto ai contributori individuali. È probabile che le compagnie migliori abbiamo più colloqui riguardo al design.
Start broad and go deeper in a few areas. It helps to know a little about various key system design topics. Adjust the following guide based on your timeline, experience, what positions you are interviewing for, and which companies you are interviewing with. Start broad and go deeper in a few areas. It helps to know a little about various key system design topics. Adjust the following guide based on your timeline, experience, what positions you are interviewing for, and which companies you are interviewing with.
* **Short timeline** - Aim for **breadth** with system design topics. Practice by solving **some** interview questions. * **Short timeline** - Aim for **breadth** with system design topics. Practice by solving **some** interview questions.
* **Medium timeline** - Aim for **breadth** and **some depth** with system design topics. Practice by solving **many** interview questions. * **Medium timeline** - Aim for **breadth** and **some depth** with system design topics. Practice by solving **many** interview questions.
* **Long timeline** - Aim for **breadth** and **more depth** with system design topics. Practice by solving **most** interview questions. * **Long timeline** - Aim for **breadth** and **more depth** with system design topics. Practice by solving **most** interview questions.
| | Short | Medium | Long | | | Corto | Medio | Lungo |
|---|---|---|---| |---|---|---|---|
| Read through the [System design topics](#index-of-system-design-topics) to get a broad understanding of how systems work | :+1: | :+1: | :+1: | | Read through the [System design topics](#index-of-system-design-topics) to get a broad understanding of how systems work | :+1: | :+1: | :+1: |
| Read through a few articles in the [Company engineering blogs](#company-engineering-blogs) for the companies you are interviewing with | :+1: | :+1: | :+1: | | Read through a few articles in the [Company engineering blogs](#company-engineering-blogs) for the companies you are interviewing with | :+1: | :+1: | :+1: |
@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ You can use the following steps to guide the discussion. To help solidify this
### Step 1: Outline use cases, constraints, and assumptions ### Step 1: Outline use cases, constraints, and assumptions
Gather requirements and scope the problem. Ask questions to clarify use cases and constraints. Discuss assumptions. Raccogli i requisiti e individua il problema. Poni domande per chiarire casi d'uso e vincoli. Discuti delle ipotesi.
* Chi lo userà? * Chi lo userà?
* Come lo useranno? * Come lo useranno?
@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ Gather requirements and scope the problem. Ask questions to clarify use cases a
### Step 2: Creare un design di alto livello ### Step 2: Creare un design di alto livello
Outline a high level design with all important components. Delinea un design di alto livello con tutti i componenti importanti.
* Sketch the main components and connections * Sketch the main components and connections
* Justify your ideas * Justify your ideas
@ -275,99 +275,99 @@ You might be asked to do some estimates by hand. Refer to the [Appendix](#appen
* [Powers of two table](#powers-of-two-table) * [Powers of two table](#powers-of-two-table)
* [Latency numbers every programmer should know](#latency-numbers-every-programmer-should-know) * [Latency numbers every programmer should know](#latency-numbers-every-programmer-should-know)
### Source(s) and further reading ### Risorse e letture ulteriori
Check out the following links to get a better idea of what to expect: Visita i seguenti link per avere un'idea migliore su cosa aspettarti:
* [How to ace a systems design interview](https://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) * [Come superare un colloquio di progettazione di sistemi](https://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/)
* [The system design interview](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design) * [Il colloquio sulla progettazione di sistemi](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design)
* [Intro to Architecture and Systems Design Interviews](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdS0EUmn70) * [Introduzione ai colloqui su Architettura e Progettazione di Sistemi](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdS0EUmn70)
* [System design template](https://leetcode.com/discuss/career/229177/My-System-Design-Template) * [Template per progettazione di sistemi](https://leetcode.com/discuss/career/229177/My-System-Design-Template)
## System design interview questions with solutions ## Domande da colloquio di progettazione del sistema con soluzioni
> Common system design interview questions with sample discussions, code, and diagrams. > Domande comuni da colloquio di progettazione del sistema con discussioni, codice e diagrammi di esempio.
> >
> Solutions linked to content in the `solutions/` folder. > Soluzioni collegate al contenuto nella cartella `solutions/`.
| Question | | | Domanda | |
|---|---| |---|---|
| Design Pastebin.com (or Bit.ly) | [Solution](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md) | | Progetta Pastebin.com (o Bit.ly) | [Soluzione](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md) |
| Design the Twitter timeline and search (or Facebook feed and search) | [Solution](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md) | | Progetta la timeline e la ricerca di Twitter (o il feed/ricerca di Facebook) | [Soluzione](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md) |
| Design a web crawler | [Solution](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md) | | Progetta un web crawler | [Soluzione](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md) |
| Design Mint.com | [Solution](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md) | | Progetta Mint.com | [Soluzione](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md) |
| Design the data structures for a social network | [Solution](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md) | | Progetta la strutture di dati per un social network | [Soluzione](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md) |
| Design a key-value store for a search engine | [Solution](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md) | | Progetta un archivio key-value per un motore di ricerca | [Soluzione](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md) |
| Design Amazon's sales ranking by category feature | [Solution](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md) | | Progetta una classifica delle vendite di Amazon per categoria | [Soluzione](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md) |
| Design a system that scales to millions of users on AWS | [Solution](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md) | | Progetta un sistema che si adatta a milioni di utenti su AWS | [Soluzione](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md) |
| Add a system design question | [Contribute](#contributing) | | Aggiungi una domanda sulla progettazione di sistemi | [Contribuisci](#contributing) |
### Design Pastebin.com (or Bit.ly) ### Progetta Pastebin.com (o Bit.ly)
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md) [Visualizza esercizio e soluzione](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md)
![Imgur](images/4edXG0T.png) ![Imgur](images/4edXG0T.png)
### Design the Twitter timeline and search (or Facebook feed and search) ### Progetta la timeline e la ricerca di Twitter (o il feed/ricerca di Facebook)
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md) [Visualizza esercizio e soluzione](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md)
![Imgur](images/jrUBAF7.png) ![Imgur](images/jrUBAF7.png)
### Design a web crawler ### Progetta un web crawler
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md) [Visualizza esercizio e soluzione](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md)
![Imgur](images/bWxPtQA.png) ![Imgur](images/bWxPtQA.png)
### Design Mint.com ### prgetta Mint.com
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md) [Visualizza esercizio e soluzione](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md)
![Imgur](images/V5q57vU.png) ![Imgur](images/V5q57vU.png)
### Design the data structures for a social network ### Progetta la strutture di dati per un social network
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md) [Visualizza esercizio e soluzione](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md)
![Imgur](images/cdCv5g7.png) ![Imgur](images/cdCv5g7.png)
### Design a key-value store for a search engine ### Progetta un archivio key-value per un motore di ricerca
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md) [Visualizza esercizio e soluzione](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md)
![Imgur](images/4j99mhe.png) ![Imgur](images/4j99mhe.png)
### Design Amazon's sales ranking by category feature ### Progetta una classifica delle vendite di Amazon per categoria
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md) [Visualizza esercizio e soluzione](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md)
![Imgur](images/MzExP06.png) ![Imgur](images/MzExP06.png)
### Design a system that scales to millions of users on AWS ### Progetta un sistema che si adatta a milioni di utenti su AWS
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md) [Visualizza esercizio e soluzione](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md)
![Imgur](images/jj3A5N8.png) ![Imgur](images/jj3A5N8.png)
## Object-oriented design interview questions with solutions ## Domande da colloquio per la progettazione orientata agli oggetti con soluzioni
> Common object-oriented design interview questions with sample discussions, code, and diagrams. > Domande comuni da colloquio di progettazione orientato agli oggetti con discussioni, codice e diagrammi di esempio.
> >
> Solutions linked to content in the `solutions/` folder. > Soluzioni collegate al contenuto nella cartella `solutions/`.
>**Note: This section is under development** >**Nota: Questa sezione è sotto sviluppo**
| Question | | | Question | |
|---|---| |---|---|
| Design a hash map | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/hash_table/hash_map.ipynb) | | Progetta una mappa hash | [Soluzione](solutions/object_oriented_design/hash_table/hash_map.ipynb) |
| Design a least recently used cache | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/lru_cache/lru_cache.ipynb) | | Progetta una cache usata meno di recente | [Soluzione](solutions/object_oriented_design/lru_cache/lru_cache.ipynb) |
| Design a call center | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/call_center/call_center.ipynb) | | Progetta un call center | [Soluzione](solutions/object_oriented_design/call_center/call_center.ipynb) |
| Design a deck of cards | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/deck_of_cards/deck_of_cards.ipynb) | | Progetta un mazzo di carte | [Soluzione](solutions/object_oriented_design/deck_of_cards/deck_of_cards.ipynb) |
| Design a parking lot | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/parking_lot/parking_lot.ipynb) | | Progetta un posteggio | [Soluzione](solutions/object_oriented_design/parking_lot/parking_lot.ipynb) |
| Design a chat server | [Solution](solutions/object_oriented_design/online_chat/online_chat.ipynb) | | Progetta un server di chat | [Soluzione](solutions/object_oriented_design/online_chat/online_chat.ipynb) |
| Design a circular array | [Contribute](#contributing) | | Progetta un array circolare | [Contribuisci](#contributing) |
| Add an object-oriented design question | [Contribute](#contributing) | | Aggiungi una domanda di progettazione orientata agli oggetti | [Contribuisci](#contributing) |
## Temi sulla progettazione dei sistemi: inizia da qui ## Temi sulla progettazione dei sistemi: inizia da qui
@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ Tieni a mente che **qualsiasi scelta è un compromesso**.
Successivamente andremo in profondità su argomenti specifici come DNS, CDNs, e bilanciatori di carico. Successivamente andremo in profondità su argomenti specifici come DNS, CDNs, e bilanciatori di carico.
## Performance vs scalability ## Prestazioni vs scalabilità
A service is **scalable** if it results in increased **performance** in a manner proportional to resources added. Generally, increasing performance means serving more units of work, but it can also be to handle larger units of work, such as when datasets grow.<sup><a href=http://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2006/03/a_word_on_scalability.html>1</a></sup> A service is **scalable** if it results in increased **performance** in a manner proportional to resources added. Generally, increasing performance means serving more units of work, but it can also be to handle larger units of work, such as when datasets grow.<sup><a href=http://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2006/03/a_word_on_scalability.html>1</a></sup>
@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ The application uses the cache as the main data store, reading and writing data
* Cache synchronously writes entry to data store * Cache synchronously writes entry to data store
* Return * Return
Application code: Codice applicazione:
```python ```python
set_user(12345, {"foo":"bar"}) set_user(12345, {"foo":"bar"})