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[English](README.md) | [日本語](README-ja.md) | **[Русский](README-ru.md)** | [简体中文](README-zh-Hans.md) | [繁體中文](README-zh-TW.md) <!-- l10n:select --> [English](README.md) | [日本語](README-ja.md) | **[Русский](README-ru.md)** | [简体中文](README-zh-Hans.md) | [繁體中文](README-zh-TW.md) <!-- l10n:select -->
<!-- l10n:p
**Help [translate](TRANSLATIONS.md) this guide!**
l10n:p -->
**Помогайте [переводить](TRANSLATIONS.md) это руководство!**
<!-- l10n:p <!-- l10n:p
# The System Design Primer # The System Design Primer
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/jj3A5N8.png"/> <img src="images/jj3A5N8.png">
<br/> <br/>
</p> </p>
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@ -15,7 +22,7 @@ l10n:p -->
<!-- l10n:ignore end --> <!-- l10n:ignore end -->
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/jj3A5N8.png"/> <img src="images/jj3A5N8.png">
<br/> <br/>
</p> </p>
@ -99,7 +106,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Anki flashcards ## Anki flashcards
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/zdCAkB3.png"/> <img src="images/zdCAkB3.png">
<br/> <br/>
</p> </p>
@ -115,7 +122,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Карточки Anki ## Карточки Anki
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/zdCAkB3.png"/> <img src="images/zdCAkB3.png">
<br/> <br/>
</p>motivation </p>motivation
@ -133,7 +140,7 @@ l10n:p -->
Looking for resources to help you prep for the [**Coding Interview**](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges)? Looking for resources to help you prep for the [**Coding Interview**](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges)?
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/b4YtAEN.png"/> <img src="images/b4YtAEN.png">
<br/> <br/>
</p> </p>
@ -147,7 +154,7 @@ l10n:p -->
Ищете ресурсы для подготовки к [**Coding Interview**](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges)? Ищете ресурсы для подготовки к [**Coding Interview**](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges)?
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/b4YtAEN.png"/> <img src="images/b4YtAEN.png">
<br/> <br/>
</p> </p>
@ -195,7 +202,7 @@ l10n:p -->
> Each section contains links to more in-depth resources. > Each section contains links to more in-depth resources.
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/jrUBAF7.png"/> <img src="images/jrUBAF7.png">
<br/> <br/>
</p> </p>
@ -290,7 +297,7 @@ l10n:p -->
> Каждый раздел содержит ссылки на более подробное описание. > Каждый раздел содержит ссылки на более подробное описание.
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/jrUBAF7.png"/> <img src="images/jrUBAF7.png">
<br/> <br/>
</p> </p>
@ -395,7 +402,7 @@ l10n:p -->
> Suggested topics to review based on your interview timeline (short, medium, long). > Suggested topics to review based on your interview timeline (short, medium, long).
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/OfVllex.png) ![Imgur](images/OfVllex.png)
**Q: For interviews, do I need to know everything here?** **Q: For interviews, do I need to know everything here?**
@ -432,7 +439,7 @@ l10n:p -->
> Предлагаемые темы для повторения в зависимости от того, сколько у вас есть времени для подготовки к интервью (мало, средне, много) > Предлагаемые темы для повторения в зависимости от того, сколько у вас есть времени для подготовки к интервью (мало, средне, много)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/OfVllex.png) ![Imgur](images/OfVllex.png)
**Вопрос: Надо ли мне знать все из этого документа для интервью?** **Вопрос: Надо ли мне знать все из этого документа для интервью?**
@ -655,112 +662,112 @@ l10n:p -->
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/4edXG0T.png) ![Imgur](images/4edXG0T.png)
l10n:p --> l10n:p -->
### Спроектируйте Pastebin.com (or Bit.ly) ### Спроектируйте Pastebin.com (or Bit.ly)
[Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md) [Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/pastebin/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/4edXG0T.png) ![Imgur](images/4edXG0T.png)
<!-- l10n:p <!-- l10n:p
### Design the Twitter timeline and search (or Facebook feed and search) ### Design the Twitter timeline and search (or Facebook feed and search)
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/jrUBAF7.png) ![Imgur](images/jrUBAF7.png)
l10n:p --> l10n:p -->
### Спроектируйте ленту Twitter или Facebook и поиск ### Спроектируйте ленту Twitter или Facebook и поиск
[Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md) [Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/twitter/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/jrUBAF7.png) ![Imgur](images/jrUBAF7.png)
<!-- l10n:p <!-- l10n:p
### Design a web crawler ### Design a web crawler
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/bWxPtQA.png) ![Imgur](images/bWxPtQA.png)
l10n:p --> l10n:p -->
### Спроектируйте веб-сканер ### Спроектируйте веб-сканер
[Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md) [Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/web_crawler/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/bWxPtQA.png) ![Imgur](images/bWxPtQA.png)
<!-- l10n:p <!-- l10n:p
### Design Mint.com ### Design Mint.com
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/V5q57vU.png) ![Imgur](images/V5q57vU.png)
l10n:p --> l10n:p -->
### Спроектируйте Mint.com ### Спроектируйте Mint.com
[Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md) [Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/mint/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/V5q57vU.png) ![Imgur](images/V5q57vU.png)
<!-- l10n:p <!-- l10n:p
### Design the data structures for a social network ### Design the data structures for a social network
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/cdCv5g7.png) ![Imgur](images/cdCv5g7.png)
l10n:p --> l10n:p -->
### Спроектируйте структуру данных для социальной сети ### Спроектируйте структуру данных для социальной сети
[Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md) [Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/social_graph/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/cdCv5g7.png) ![Imgur](images/cdCv5g7.png)
<!-- l10n:p <!-- l10n:p
### Design a key-value store for a search engine ### Design a key-value store for a search engine
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/4j99mhe.png) ![Imgur](images/4j99mhe.png)
l10n:p --> l10n:p -->
### Спроектируйте хранилище типа "ключ-значение" для поисковика ### Спроектируйте хранилище типа "ключ-значение" для поисковика
[Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md) [Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/query_cache/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/4j99mhe.png) ![Imgur](images/4j99mhe.png)
<!-- l10n:p <!-- l10n:p
### Design Amazon's sales ranking by category feature ### Design Amazon's sales ranking by category feature
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/MzExP06.png) ![Imgur](images/MzExP06.png)
l10n:p --> l10n:p -->
### Спроектируйте ранжированирование товаров Amazon по категориям ### Спроектируйте ранжированирование товаров Amazon по категориям
[Требование и решение](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md) [Требование и решение](solutions/system_design/sales_rank/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/MzExP06.png) ![Imgur](images/MzExP06.png)
<!-- l10n:p <!-- l10n:p
### Design a system that scales to millions of users on AWS ### Design a system that scales to millions of users on AWS
[View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md) [View exercise and solution](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/jj3A5N8.png) ![Imgur](images/jj3A5N8.png)
l10n:p --> l10n:p -->
### Спроектируйте систему, которая масштабируются на миллионы пользователей с помощью AWS ### Спроектируйте систему, которая масштабируются на миллионы пользователей с помощью AWS
[Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md) [Требования и решение](solutions/system_design/scaling_aws/README.md)
![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/jj3A5N8.png) ![Imgur](images/jj3A5N8.png)
<!-- l10n:p <!-- l10n:p
## Object-oriented design interview questions with solutions ## Object-oriented design interview questions with solutions
@ -960,7 +967,7 @@ l10n:p -->
### CAP theorem ### CAP theorem
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/bgLMI2u.png"/> <img src="images/bgLMI2u.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://robertgreiner.com/2014/08/cap-theorem-revisited>Source: CAP theorem revisited</a></i> <i><a href=http://robertgreiner.com/2014/08/cap-theorem-revisited>Source: CAP theorem revisited</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -977,7 +984,7 @@ l10n:p -->
### Теорема CAP ### Теорема CAP
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/bgLMI2u.png"/> <img src="images/bgLMI2u.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://robertgreiner.com/2014/08/cap-theorem-revisited>Источник: CAP theorem revisited</a></i> <i><a href=http://robertgreiner.com/2014/08/cap-theorem-revisited>Источник: CAP theorem revisited</a></i>
<br/> <br/>
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## Domain name system ## Domain name system
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/IOyLj4i.jpg"/> <img src="images/IOyLj4i.jpg">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/srikrupa5/dns-security-presentation-issa>Source: DNS security presentation</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/srikrupa5/dns-security-presentation-issa>Source: DNS security presentation</a></i>
</p> </p>
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## Систем доменных имен ## Систем доменных имен
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/IOyLj4i.jpg"/> <img src="images/IOyLj4i.jpg">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/srikrupa5/dns-security-presentation-issa>Источник: DNS security presentation</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/srikrupa5/dns-security-presentation-issa>Источник: DNS security presentation</a></i>
</p> </p>
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## Content delivery network ## Content delivery network
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/h9TAuGI.jpg"/> <img src="images/h9TAuGI.jpg">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://www.creative-artworks.eu/why-use-a-content-delivery-network-cdn/>Source: Why use a CDN</a></i> <i><a href=https://www.creative-artworks.eu/why-use-a-content-delivery-network-cdn/>Source: Why use a CDN</a></i>
</p> </p>
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## Сеть доставки содержимого (CDN) ## Сеть доставки содержимого (CDN)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/h9TAuGI.jpg"/> <img src="images/h9TAuGI.jpg">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://www.creative-artworks.eu/why-use-a-content-delivery-network-cdn/>Источник: Why use a CDN</a></i> <i><a href=https://www.creative-artworks.eu/why-use-a-content-delivery-network-cdn/>Источник: Why use a CDN</a></i>
</p> </p>
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## Load balancer ## Load balancer
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/h81n9iK.png"/> <img src="images/h81n9iK.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html>Source: Scalable system design patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html>Source: Scalable system design patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
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## Балансировщик нагрузки ## Балансировщик нагрузки
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/h81n9iK.png"/> <img src="images/h81n9iK.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html>Source: Scalable system design patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html>Source: Scalable system design patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1608,7 +1615,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Reverse proxy (web server) ## Reverse proxy (web server)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/n41Azff.png"/> <img src="images/n41Azff.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Reverse_proxy_h2g2bob.svg>Source: Wikipedia</a></i> <i><a href=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Reverse_proxy_h2g2bob.svg>Source: Wikipedia</a></i>
<br/> <br/>
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## Обратный прокси-сервер (Reverse proxy) ## Обратный прокси-сервер (Reverse proxy)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/n41Azff.png"/> <img src="images/n41Azff.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Reverse_proxy_h2g2bob.svg>Source: Wikipedia</a></i> <i><a href=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Reverse_proxy_h2g2bob.svg>Source: Wikipedia</a></i>
<br/> <br/>
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## Application layer ## Application layer
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/yB5SYwm.png"/> <img src="images/yB5SYwm.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/#platform_layer>Source: Intro to architecting systems for scale</a></i> <i><a href=http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/#platform_layer>Source: Intro to architecting systems for scale</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1715,7 +1722,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Уровень приложений ## Уровень приложений
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/yB5SYwm.png"/> <img src="images/yB5SYwm.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/#platform_layer>Source: Intro to architecting systems for scale</a></i> <i><a href=http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/#platform_layer>Source: Intro to architecting systems for scale</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1782,7 +1789,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Database ## Database
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/Xkm5CXz.png"/> <img src="images/Xkm5CXz.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKjm4ehYiMs>Source: Scaling up to your first 10 million users</a></i> <i><a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKjm4ehYiMs>Source: Scaling up to your first 10 million users</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1791,7 +1798,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Базы данных ## Базы данных
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/Xkm5CXz.png"/> <img src="images/Xkm5CXz.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKjm4ehYiMs>Source: Scaling up to your first 10 million users</a></i> <i><a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKjm4ehYiMs>Source: Scaling up to your first 10 million users</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1837,7 +1844,7 @@ l10n:p -->
The master serves reads and writes, replicating writes to one or more slaves, which serve only reads. Slaves can also replicate to additional slaves in a tree-like fashion. If the master goes offline, the system can continue to operate in read-only mode until a slave is promoted to a master or a new master is provisioned. The master serves reads and writes, replicating writes to one or more slaves, which serve only reads. Slaves can also replicate to additional slaves in a tree-like fashion. If the master goes offline, the system can continue to operate in read-only mode until a slave is promoted to a master or a new master is provisioned.
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/C9ioGtn.png"/> <img src="images/C9ioGtn.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Source: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Source: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1848,7 +1855,7 @@ l10n:p -->
Ведущий сервер работает на чтение и запись, реплицируя записи на один или более ведомых серверов. Ведомый сервер работает только на чтение. Ведомые сервера могу реплицировать на дополнительные ведомые сервера (как в древовидной структуре). Если ведущий сервер перестает работать, система продолжает работать в режиме только на чтение до тех пор, пока один из ведомых серверов не станет ведущим, или пока новый ведущий сервер не будет создан. Ведущий сервер работает на чтение и запись, реплицируя записи на один или более ведомых серверов. Ведомый сервер работает только на чтение. Ведомые сервера могу реплицировать на дополнительные ведомые сервера (как в древовидной структуре). Если ведущий сервер перестает работать, система продолжает работать в режиме только на чтение до тех пор, пока один из ведомых серверов не станет ведущим, или пока новый ведущий сервер не будет создан.
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/C9ioGtn.png"/> <img src="images/C9ioGtn.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Источник: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Источник: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1872,7 +1879,7 @@ l10n:p -->
Both masters serve reads and writes and coordinate with each other on writes. If either master goes down, the system can continue to operate with both reads and writes. Both masters serve reads and writes and coordinate with each other on writes. If either master goes down, the system can continue to operate with both reads and writes.
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/krAHLGg.png"/> <img src="images/krAHLGg.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Source: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Source: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1883,7 +1890,7 @@ l10n:p -->
Оба ведущих сервера работают на чтение и запись и координирует операции записи между собою. Если один из ведущих серверов перестают работать, система может продолжать работать на чтение и запись. Оба ведущих сервера работают на чтение и запись и координирует операции записи между собою. Если один из ведущих серверов перестают работать, система может продолжать работать на чтение и запись.
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/krAHLGg.png"/> <img src="images/krAHLGg.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Источник: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Источник: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1938,7 +1945,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Federation #### Federation
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/U3qV33e.png"/> <img src="images/U3qV33e.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKjm4ehYiMs>Source: Scaling up to your first 10 million users</a></i> <i><a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKjm4ehYiMs>Source: Scaling up to your first 10 million users</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1949,7 +1956,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Федерализация #### Федерализация
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/U3qV33e.png"/> <img src="images/U3qV33e.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKjm4ehYiMs>Source: Scaling up to your first 10 million users</a></i> <i><a href=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKjm4ehYiMs>Source: Scaling up to your first 10 million users</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -1987,7 +1994,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Sharding #### Sharding
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/wU8x5Id.png"/> <img src="images/wU8x5Id.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Source: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Source: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2002,7 +2009,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Шардирование #### Шардирование
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/wU8x5Id.png"/> <img src="images/wU8x5Id.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Источник: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Источник: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2311,7 +2318,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Wide column store #### Wide column store
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/n16iOGk.png"/> <img src="images/n16iOGk.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://blog.grio.com/2015/11/sql-nosql-a-brief-history.html>Source: SQL & NoSQL, a brief history</a></i> <i><a href=http://blog.grio.com/2015/11/sql-nosql-a-brief-history.html>Source: SQL & NoSQL, a brief history</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2328,7 +2335,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Колоночное хранилище #### Колоночное хранилище
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/n16iOGk.png"/> <img src="images/n16iOGk.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://blog.grio.com/2015/11/sql-nosql-a-brief-history.html>Source: SQL & NoSQL, a brief history</a></i> <i><a href=http://blog.grio.com/2015/11/sql-nosql-a-brief-history.html>Source: SQL & NoSQL, a brief history</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2361,7 +2368,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Graph database #### Graph database
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/fNcl65g.png"/> <img src="images/fNcl65g.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GraphDatabase_PropertyGraph.png>Source: Graph database</a></i> <i><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GraphDatabase_PropertyGraph.png>Source: Graph database</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2376,7 +2383,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Графовая база данных #### Графовая база данных
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/fNcl65g.png"/> <img src="images/fNcl65g.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GraphDatabase_PropertyGraph.png>Source: Graph database</a></i> <i><a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GraphDatabase_PropertyGraph.png>Source: Graph database</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2422,7 +2429,7 @@ l10n:p -->
### SQL or NoSQL ### SQL or NoSQL
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/wXGqG5f.png"/> <img src="images/wXGqG5f.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://www.infoq.com/articles/Transition-RDBMS-NoSQL/>Source: Transitioning from RDBMS to NoSQL</a></i> <i><a href=https://www.infoq.com/articles/Transition-RDBMS-NoSQL/>Source: Transitioning from RDBMS to NoSQL</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2460,7 +2467,7 @@ l10n:p -->
### SQL или NoSQL ### SQL или NoSQL
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/wXGqG5f.png"/> <img src="images/wXGqG5f.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://www.infoq.com/articles/Transition-RDBMS-NoSQL/>Source: Transitioning from RDBMS to NoSQL</a></i> <i><a href=https://www.infoq.com/articles/Transition-RDBMS-NoSQL/>Source: Transitioning from RDBMS to NoSQL</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2510,7 +2517,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Cache ## Cache
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/Q6z24La.png"/> <img src="images/Q6z24La.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html>Source: Scalable system design patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html>Source: Scalable system design patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2523,7 +2530,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Кэширование ## Кэширование
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/Q6z24La.png"/> <img src="images/Q6z24La.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html>Источник: Scalable system design patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html>Источник: Scalable system design patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2670,7 +2677,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Cache-aside #### Cache-aside
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/ONjORqk.png"/> <img src="images/ONjORqk.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/tmatyashovsky/from-cache-to-in-memory-data-grid-introduction-to-hazelcast>Source: From cache to in-memory data grid</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/tmatyashovsky/from-cache-to-in-memory-data-grid-introduction-to-hazelcast>Source: From cache to in-memory data grid</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2701,7 +2708,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Кэширование Cache-aside (кэш отдельно) #### Кэширование Cache-aside (кэш отдельно)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/ONjORqk.png"/> <img src="images/ONjORqk.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/tmatyashovsky/from-cache-to-in-memory-data-grid-introduction-to-hazelcast>Источник: From cache to in-memory data grid</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/tmatyashovsky/from-cache-to-in-memory-data-grid-introduction-to-hazelcast>Источник: From cache to in-memory data grid</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2746,7 +2753,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Write-through #### Write-through
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/0vBc0hN.png"/> <img src="images/0vBc0hN.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Source: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Source: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2777,7 +2784,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Кэширование Write-through (сквозное) #### Кэширование Write-through (сквозное)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/0vBc0hN.png"/> <img src="images/0vBc0hN.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Источник: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Источник: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2820,7 +2827,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Write-behind (write-back) #### Write-behind (write-back)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/rgSrvjG.png"/> <img src="images/rgSrvjG.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Source: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Source: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2834,7 +2841,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Кэширование Write-behind / write-back (отложенная запись) #### Кэширование Write-behind / write-back (отложенная запись)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/rgSrvjG.png"/> <img src="images/rgSrvjG.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Источник: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/jboner/scalability-availability-stability-patterns/>Источник: Scalability, availability, stability, patterns</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2860,7 +2867,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Refresh-ahead #### Refresh-ahead
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/kxtjqgE.png"/> <img src="images/kxtjqgE.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/tmatyashovsky/from-cache-to-in-memory-data-grid-introduction-to-hazelcast>Source: From cache to in-memory data grid</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/tmatyashovsky/from-cache-to-in-memory-data-grid-introduction-to-hazelcast>Source: From cache to in-memory data grid</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2873,7 +2880,7 @@ l10n:p -->
#### Кэширование Refresh-ahead (предварительное обновление) #### Кэширование Refresh-ahead (предварительное обновление)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/kxtjqgE.png"/> <img src="images/kxtjqgE.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/tmatyashovsky/from-cache-to-in-memory-data-grid-introduction-to-hazelcast>Источник: From cache to in-memory data grid</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.slideshare.net/tmatyashovsky/from-cache-to-in-memory-data-grid-introduction-to-hazelcast>Источник: From cache to in-memory data grid</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2932,7 +2939,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Asynchronism ## Asynchronism
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/54GYsSx.png"/> <img src="images/54GYsSx.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/#platform_layer>Source: Intro to architecting systems for scale</a></i> <i><a href=http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/#platform_layer>Source: Intro to architecting systems for scale</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -2943,7 +2950,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Асинхронность ## Асинхронность
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/54GYsSx.png"/> <img src="images/54GYsSx.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/#platform_layer>Источник: Intro to architecting systems for scale</a></i> <i><a href=http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/#platform_layer>Источник: Intro to architecting systems for scale</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -3037,7 +3044,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Communication ## Communication
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/5KeocQs.jpg"/> <img src="images/5KeocQs.jpg">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.escotal.com/osilayer.html>Source: OSI 7 layer model</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.escotal.com/osilayer.html>Source: OSI 7 layer model</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -3046,7 +3053,7 @@ l10n:p -->
## Взаимодействие ## Взаимодействие
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/5KeocQs.jpg"/> <img src="images/5KeocQs.jpg">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.escotal.com/osilayer.html>Источник: OSI 7 layer model</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.escotal.com/osilayer.html>Источник: OSI 7 layer model</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -3107,7 +3114,7 @@ l10n:p -->
### Transmission control protocol (TCP) ### Transmission control protocol (TCP)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/JdAsdvG.jpg"/> <img src="images/JdAsdvG.jpg">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.wildbunny.co.uk/blog/2012/10/09/how-to-make-a-multi-player-game-part-1/>Source: How to make a multiplayer game</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.wildbunny.co.uk/blog/2012/10/09/how-to-make-a-multi-player-game-part-1/>Source: How to make a multiplayer game</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -3132,7 +3139,7 @@ l10n:p -->
### Transmission control protocol (TCP) ### Transmission control protocol (TCP)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/JdAsdvG.jpg"/> <img src="images/JdAsdvG.jpg">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.wildbunny.co.uk/blog/2012/10/09/how-to-make-a-multi-player-game-part-1/>Источник: How to make a multiplayer game</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.wildbunny.co.uk/blog/2012/10/09/how-to-make-a-multi-player-game-part-1/>Источник: How to make a multiplayer game</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -3157,7 +3164,7 @@ TCP полезен для приложений, которым необходи
### User datagram protocol (UDP) ### User datagram protocol (UDP)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/yzDrJtA.jpg"/> <img src="images/yzDrJtA.jpg">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.wildbunny.co.uk/blog/2012/10/09/how-to-make-a-multi-player-game-part-1/>Source: How to make a multiplayer game</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.wildbunny.co.uk/blog/2012/10/09/how-to-make-a-multi-player-game-part-1/>Source: How to make a multiplayer game</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -3178,7 +3185,7 @@ l10n:p -->
### User datagram protocol (UDP) ### User datagram protocol (UDP)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/yzDrJtA.jpg"/> <img src="images/yzDrJtA.jpg">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.wildbunny.co.uk/blog/2012/10/09/how-to-make-a-multi-player-game-part-1/>Источник: How to make a multiplayer game</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.wildbunny.co.uk/blog/2012/10/09/how-to-make-a-multi-player-game-part-1/>Источник: How to make a multiplayer game</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -3212,7 +3219,7 @@ UPD менее надежный, но работает хорошо для пр
### Remote procedure call (RPC) ### Remote procedure call (RPC)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/iF4Mkb5.png"/> <img src="images/iF4Mkb5.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.puncsky.com/blog/2016-02-13-crack-the-system-design-interview>Source: Crack the system design interview</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.puncsky.com/blog/2016-02-13-crack-the-system-design-interview>Source: Crack the system design interview</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -3255,7 +3262,7 @@ l10n:p -->
### Удалённый вызов процедур (Remote procedure call, RPC) ### Удалённый вызов процедур (Remote procedure call, RPC)
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/iF4Mkb5.png"/> <img src="images/iF4Mkb5.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=http://www.puncsky.com/blog/2016-02-13-crack-the-system-design-interview>Источник: Crack the system design interview</a></i> <i><a href=http://www.puncsky.com/blog/2016-02-13-crack-the-system-design-interview>Источник: Crack the system design interview</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -3691,7 +3698,7 @@ l10n:p -->
> Articles on how real world systems are designed. > Articles on how real world systems are designed.
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/TcUo2fw.png"/> <img src="images/TcUo2fw.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability>Source: Twitter timelines at scale</a></i> <i><a href=https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability>Source: Twitter timelines at scale</a></i>
</p> </p>
@ -3732,7 +3739,7 @@ l10n:p -->
> Статья о том, как спроектированы действующие системы. > Статья о том, как спроектированы действующие системы.
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="http://i.imgur.com/TcUo2fw.png"/> <img src="images/TcUo2fw.png">
<br/> <br/>
<i><a href=https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability>Источник: Twitter timelines at scale</a></i> <i><a href=https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability>Источник: Twitter timelines at scale</a></i>
</p> </p>