8.0 KiB
Bootstrapping an H/A Kubernetes Control Plane
In this lab you will bootstrap a 3 node Kubernetes controller cluster. The following virtual machines will be used:
gcloud compute instances list
NAME ZONE MACHINE_TYPE PREEMPTIBLE INTERNAL_IP EXTERNAL_IP STATUS
controller0 us-central1-f n1-standard-1 10.240.0.20 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX RUNNING
controller1 us-central1-f n1-standard-1 10.240.0.21 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX RUNNING
controller2 us-central1-f n1-standard-1 10.240.0.22 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX RUNNING
etcd0 us-central1-f n1-standard-1 10.240.0.10 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX RUNNING
In this lab you will also create a frontend load balancer with a public IP address for remote access to the API servers and H/A.
Why
The Kubernetes components that make up the control plane include the following components:
- Kubernetes API Server
- Kubernetes Scheduler
- Kubernetes Controller Manager
Each component is being run on the same machines for the following reasons:
- The Scheduler and Controller Manager are tightly coupled with the API Server
- Only one Scheduler and Controller Manager can be active at a given time, but it's ok to run multiple at the same time. Each component will elect a leader via the API Server.
- Running multiple copies of each component is required for H/A
- Running each component next to the API Server eases configuration.
Provision the Kubernetes Controller Cluster
Run the following commands on controller0
, controller1
, controller2
:
SSH into each machine using the
gcloud compute ssh
command
Move the TLS certificates in place:
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/kubernetes
sudo mv ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem /var/lib/kubernetes/
Download and install the Kubernetes controller binaries:
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.3.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-apiserver
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.3.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-controller-manager
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.3.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-scheduler
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.3.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
chmod +x kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl
sudo mv kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/bin/
Kubernetes API Server
Setup Authentication and Authorization
Authentication
Token based authentication will be used to limit access to Kubernetes API.
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/master/token.csv
cat token.csv
sudo mv token.csv /var/lib/kubernetes/
Authorization
Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) will be used to authorize access to the Kubernetes API. In this lab ABAC will be setup using the Kuberentes policy file backend as documented in the Kubernetes authorization guide.
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/master/authorization-policy.jsonl
cat authorization-policy.jsonl
sudo mv authorization-policy.jsonl /var/lib/kubernetes/
Create the systemd unit file
Capture the internal IP address:
export INTERNAL_IP=$(curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/0/ip)
Create the systemd unit file:
cat > kube-apiserver.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-apiserver \
--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota \
--advertise-address=INTERNAL_IP \
--allow-privileged=true \
--apiserver-count=3 \
--authorization-mode=ABAC \
--authorization-policy-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/authorization-policy.jsonl \
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \
--enable-swagger-ui=true \
--etcd-cafile=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \
--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0 \
--kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \
--etcd-servers=https://10.240.0.10:2379,https://10.240.0.11:2379,https://10.240.0.12:2379 \
--service-account-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.32.0.0/24 \
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
--tls-cert-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \
--token-auth-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/token.csv \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
sed -i s/INTERNAL_IP/$INTERNAL_IP/g kube-apiserver.service
sudo mv kube-apiserver.service /etc/systemd/system/
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable kube-apiserver
sudo systemctl start kube-apiserver
sudo systemctl status kube-apiserver --no-pager
Kubernetes Controller Manager
cat > kube-controller-manager.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-controller-manager \
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \
--cluster-cidr=10.200.0.0/16 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--leader-elect=true \
--master=http://INTERNAL_IP:8080 \
--root-ca-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.32.0.0/24 \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
sed -i s/INTERNAL_IP/$INTERNAL_IP/g kube-controller-manager.service
sudo mv kube-controller-manager.service /etc/systemd/system/
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
sudo systemctl start kube-controller-manager
sudo systemctl status kube-controller-manager --no-pager
Kubernetes Scheduler
cat > kube-scheduler.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-scheduler \
--leader-elect=true \
--master=http://INTERNAL_IP:8080 \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
sed -i s/INTERNAL_IP/$INTERNAL_IP/g kube-scheduler.service
sudo mv kube-scheduler.service /etc/systemd/system/
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable kube-scheduler
sudo systemctl start kube-scheduler
sudo systemctl status kube-scheduler --no-pager
Verification
kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-1 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health": "true"}
Remember to run these steps on
controller0
,controller1
, andcontroller2
Setup Kubernetes API Server Frontend Load Balancer
The virtual machines created in this tutorial will not have permission to complete this section. Run the following commands from the same place used to create the virtual machines for this tutorial.
gcloud compute http-health-checks create kube-apiserver-check \
--description "Kubernetes API Server Health Check" \
--port 8080 \
--request-path /healthz
gcloud compute target-pools create kubernetes-pool \
--health-check kube-apiserver-check \
--region us-central1
gcloud compute target-pools add-instances kubernetes-pool \
--instances controller0,controller1,controller2 \
--zone us-central1-f
export KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_IP_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes \
--format 'value(address)')
gcloud compute forwarding-rules create kubernetes-rule \
--address ${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_IP_ADDRESS} \
--ports 6443 \
--target-pool kubernetes-pool