326 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
326 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# Smoke Test
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In this lab you will complete a series of tasks to ensure your Kubernetes cluster is functioning correctly.
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## Data Encryption
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In this section you will verify the ability to [encrypt secret data at rest](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/encrypt-data/#verifying-that-data-is-encrypted).
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Create a generic secret:
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```
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kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-the-hard-way \
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--from-literal="mykey=mydata"
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```
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Print a hexdump of the `kubernetes-the-hard-way` secret stored in etcd:
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```
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gcloud compute ssh controller-0 \
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--command "sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl get \
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--endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
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--cacert=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
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--cert=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
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--key=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem\
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/registry/secrets/default/kubernetes-the-hard-way | hexdump -C"
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```
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> output
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```
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00000000 2f 72 65 67 69 73 74 72 79 2f 73 65 63 72 65 74 |/registry/secret|
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00000010 73 2f 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2f 6b 75 62 65 72 6e |s/default/kubern|
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00000020 65 74 65 73 2d 74 68 65 2d 68 61 72 64 2d 77 61 |etes-the-hard-wa|
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00000030 79 0a 6b 38 73 3a 65 6e 63 3a 61 65 73 63 62 63 |y.k8s:enc:aescbc|
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00000040 3a 76 31 3a 6b 65 79 31 3a aa 70 a0 fd d1 7a 44 |:v1:key1:.p...zD|
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00000050 4a f0 ac 97 10 42 9f 6a 5b 67 1a be c6 5a b4 7a |J....B.j[g...Z.z|
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00000060 dd 4a 3e 55 fa e3 7f 3e 04 05 87 c7 ea 4a 79 d5 |.J>U...>.....Jy.|
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00000070 41 3c 84 15 cc db 86 76 92 fc 99 c4 fb 5c f1 9d |A<.....v.....\..|
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00000080 c4 7f e9 ec 20 a2 0a 0e 81 65 94 00 b4 7f 84 b6 |.... ....e......|
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00000090 b3 8e a4 ac c9 6f dc 1e de ee 54 41 84 4d 66 7b |.....o....TA.Mf{|
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000000a0 de d7 ee 5e 0e 24 84 58 33 69 c9 d6 b4 90 29 33 |...^.$.X3i....)3|
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000000b0 78 53 bb f3 99 ac 7c 5b f8 a5 0c 37 4e df 1f 6c |xS....|[...7N..l|
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000000c0 ca b9 8d f0 42 4c a0 be 13 a7 65 13 62 f8 13 7d |....BL....e.b..}|
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000000d0 0d 86 cf ea 55 80 ec f7 16 b1 74 35 d3 aa 4a dc |....U.....t5..J.|
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000000e0 43 ef 19 df 71 3f 2e 1e 6a 0a |C...q?..j.|
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```
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The etcd key should be prefixed with `k8s:enc:aescbc:v1:key1`, which indicates the `aescbc` provider was used to encrypt the data with the `key1` encryption key.
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## Deployments
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In this section you will verify the ability to create and manage [Deployments](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/).
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Create a deployment for the [nginx](https://nginx.org/en/) web server:
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```
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kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
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```
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List the pod created by the `nginx` deployment:
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```
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kubectl get pods -l run=nginx
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```
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> output
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```
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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nginx-dbddb74b8-6lxg2 1/1 Running 0 10s
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```
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### Port Forwarding
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In this section you will verify the ability to access applications remotely using [port forwarding](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/port-forward-access-application-cluster/).
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Retrieve the full name of the `nginx` pod:
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```
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POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -l run=nginx -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
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```
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Forward port `8080` on your local machine to port `80` of the `nginx` pod:
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```
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kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:80
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```
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> output
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```
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Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8080 -> 80
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Forwarding from [::1]:8080 -> 80
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```
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In a new terminal make an HTTP request using the forwarding address:
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```
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curl --head http://127.0.0.1:8080
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```
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> output
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```
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Server: nginx/1.17.1
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Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2019 15:03:02 GMT
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Content-Type: text/html
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Content-Length: 612
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Last-Modified: Tue, 25 Jun 2019 12:19:45 GMT
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Connection: keep-alive
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ETag: "5d121161-264"
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Accept-Ranges: bytes
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```
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Switch back to the previous terminal and stop the port forwarding to the `nginx` pod:
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```
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Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8080 -> 80
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Forwarding from [::1]:8080 -> 80
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Handling connection for 8080
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^C
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```
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### Logs
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In this section you will verify the ability to [retrieve container logs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/).
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Print the `nginx` pod logs:
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```
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kubectl logs $POD_NAME
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```
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> output
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```
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127.0.0.1 - - [30/Sep/2018:19:23:10 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 0 "-" "curl/7.58.0" "-"
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```
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### Exec
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In this section you will verify the ability to [execute commands in a container](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/#running-individual-commands-in-a-container).
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Print the nginx version by executing the `nginx -v` command in the `nginx` container:
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```
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kubectl exec -ti $POD_NAME -- nginx -v
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```
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> output
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```
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nginx version: nginx/1.17.1
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```
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## Services
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In this section you will verify the ability to expose applications using a [Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/).
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Expose the `nginx` deployment using a [NodePort](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#type-nodeport) service:
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```
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kubectl expose deployment nginx --port 80 --type NodePort
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```
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> The LoadBalancer service type can not be used because your cluster is not configured with [cloud provider integration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides/scratch/#cloud-provider). Setting up cloud provider integration is out of scope for this tutorial.
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Retrieve the node port assigned to the `nginx` service:
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```
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NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get svc nginx \
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--output=jsonpath='{range .spec.ports[0]}{.nodePort}')
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```
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Create a firewall rule that allows remote access to the `nginx` node port:
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```
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gcloud compute firewall-rules create kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-nginx-service \
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--allow=tcp:${NODE_PORT} \
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--network kubernetes-the-hard-way
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```
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Retrieve the external IP address of a worker instance:
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```
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EXTERNAL_IP=$(gcloud compute instances describe worker-0 \
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--format 'value(networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP)')
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```
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Make an HTTP request using the external IP address and the `nginx` node port:
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```
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curl -I http://${EXTERNAL_IP}:${NODE_PORT}
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```
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> output
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```
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Server: nginx/1.17.1
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Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2019 15:06:31 GMT
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Content-Type: text/html
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Content-Length: 612
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Last-Modified: Tue, 25 Jun 2019 12:19:45 GMT
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Connection: keep-alive
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ETag: "5d121161-264"
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Accept-Ranges: bytes
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```
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## Untrusted Workloads
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This section will verify the ability to run untrusted workloads using [gVisor](https://github.com/google/gvisor).
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Create the `untrusted` pod:
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```
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cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Pod
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metadata:
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name: untrusted
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annotations:
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io.kubernetes.cri.untrusted-workload: "true"
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: webserver
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image: gcr.io/hightowerlabs/helloworld:2.0.0
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EOF
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```
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### Verification
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In this section you will verify the `untrusted` pod is running under gVisor (runsc) by inspecting the assigned worker node.
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Verify the `untrusted` pod is running:
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```
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kubectl get pods -o wide
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```
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```
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
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busybox-78c88d76df-gm8sm 1/1 Running 0 16m 10.200.2.5 worker-2 <none> <none>
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nginx-7bb7cd8db5-vxhg8 1/1 Running 0 4m58s 10.200.2.6 worker-2 <none> <none>
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untrusted 1/1 Running 0 4s 10.200.0.6 worker-0 <none> <none>
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```
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Get the node name where the `untrusted` pod is running:
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```
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INSTANCE_NAME=$(kubectl get pod untrusted --output=jsonpath='{.spec.nodeName}')
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```
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SSH into the worker node:
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```
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gcloud compute ssh ${INSTANCE_NAME}
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```
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List the containers running under gVisor:
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```
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sudo runsc --root /run/containerd/runsc/k8s.io list
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```
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```
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I0720 15:08:16.434026 12656 x:0] ***************************
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I0720 15:08:16.434241 12656 x:0] Args: [runsc --root /run/containerd/runsc/k8s.io list]
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I0720 15:08:16.434316 12656 x:0] Git Revision: 50c283b9f56bb7200938d9e207355f05f79f0d17
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I0720 15:08:16.434386 12656 x:0] PID: 12656
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I0720 15:08:16.434443 12656 x:0] UID: 0, GID: 0
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I0720 15:08:16.434496 12656 x:0] Configuration:
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I0720 15:08:16.434539 12656 x:0] RootDir: /run/containerd/runsc/k8s.io
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I0720 15:08:16.434635 12656 x:0] Platform: ptrace
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I0720 15:08:16.434740 12656 x:0] FileAccess: exclusive, overlay: false
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I0720 15:08:16.434839 12656 x:0] Network: sandbox, logging: false
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I0720 15:08:16.434936 12656 x:0] Strace: false, max size: 1024, syscalls: []
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I0720 15:08:16.435031 12656 x:0] ***************************
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ID PID STATUS BUNDLE CREATED OWNER
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913a16578531d71155a32ad69b08d8243aba86162324d84ac9adca67a11901a6 12348 running /run/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/k8s.io/913a16578531d71155a32ad69b08d8243aba86162324d84ac9adca67a11901a6 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z
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b7ff7c891ebdd9046879f8949dfa165b4b03f12c11d3f2baf27e4ff4a23e87f6 12408 running /run/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/k8s.io/b7ff7c891ebdd9046879f8949dfa165b4b03f12c11d3f2baf27e4ff4a23e87f6 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z
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I0720 15:08:16.438491 12656 x:0] Exiting with status: 0
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```
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Get the ID of the `untrusted` pod:
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```
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POD_ID=$(sudo crictl -r unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock \
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pods --name untrusted -q)
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```
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Get the ID of the `webserver` container running in the `untrusted` pod:
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```
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CONTAINER_ID=$(sudo crictl -r unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock \
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ps -p ${POD_ID} -q)
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```
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Use the gVisor `runsc` command to display the processes running inside the `webserver` container:
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```
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sudo runsc --root /run/containerd/runsc/k8s.io ps ${CONTAINER_ID}
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```
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> output
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```
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I0930 19:31:31.419765 21217 x:0] ***************************
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I0930 19:31:31.419907 21217 x:0] Args: [runsc --root /run/containerd/runsc/k8s.io ps af7470029008a4520b5db9fb5b358c65d64c9f748fae050afb6eaf014a59fea5]
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I0930 19:31:31.419959 21217 x:0] Git Revision: 50c283b9f56bb7200938d9e207355f05f79f0d17
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I0930 19:31:31.420000 21217 x:0] PID: 21217
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I0930 19:31:31.420041 21217 x:0] UID: 0, GID: 0
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I0930 19:31:31.420081 21217 x:0] Configuration:
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I0930 19:31:31.420115 21217 x:0] RootDir: /run/containerd/runsc/k8s.io
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I0930 19:31:31.420188 21217 x:0] Platform: ptrace
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I0930 19:31:31.420266 21217 x:0] FileAccess: exclusive, overlay: false
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I0930 19:31:31.420424 21217 x:0] Network: sandbox, logging: false
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I0930 19:31:31.420515 21217 x:0] Strace: false, max size: 1024, syscalls: []
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I0930 19:31:31.420676 21217 x:0] ***************************
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UID PID PPID C STIME TIME CMD
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0 1 0 0 19:26 10ms app
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I0930 19:31:31.422022 21217 x:0] Exiting with status: 0
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```
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Next: [Cleaning Up](14-cleanup.md)
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