kubernetes-the-hard-way/docs/etcd.md

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# Bootstrapping a H/A etcd cluster
In this lab you will bootstrap a 3 node etcd cluster. The following virtual machines will be used:
````
NAME ZONE MACHINE_TYPE INTERNAL_IP STATUS
etcd0 us-central1-f n1-standard-1 10.240.0.10 RUNNING
etcd1 us-central1-f n1-standard-1 10.240.0.11 RUNNING
etcd2 us-central1-f n1-standard-1 10.240.0.12 RUNNING
````
## Why
All Kubernetes components are stateless which greatly simplifies managing a Kubernetes cluster. All state is stored
in etcd, which is a database and must be treated special. etcd is being run on a dedicated set of machines for the
following reasons:
* The etcd lifecycle is not tied to Kubernetes. We should be able to upgrade etcd independently of Kubernetes.
* Scaling out etcd is different than scaling out the Kubernetes Control Plane.
* Prevent other applications from taking up resources (CPU, Memory, I/O) required by etcd.
## Copy TLS Certs
```
gcloud compute copy-files ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem etcd0:~/
```
```
gcloud compute copy-files ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem etcd1:~/
```
```
gcloud compute copy-files ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem etcd2:~/
```
## Provision the etcd Cluster
### etcd0
```
gcloud compute ssh etcd0
```
Move the TLS certificates in place:
```
sudo mkdir -p /etc/etcd/
```
```
sudo mv ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem /etc/etcd/
```
Download and install the etcd binaries:
```
wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.0.1/etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
```
tar -xvf etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
```
sudo cp etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64/etcdctl /usr/bin/
```
```
sudo cp etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64/etcd /usr/bin/
```
```
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd
```
Create the etcd systemd unit file:
```
sudo sh -c 'echo "[Unit]
Description=etcd
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd --name etcd0 \
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://10.240.0.10:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://10.240.0.10:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://10.240.0.10:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://10.240.0.10:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \
--initial-cluster etcd0=https://10.240.0.10:2380,etcd1=https://10.240.0.11:2380,etcd2=https://10.240.0.12:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target" > /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service'
```
Start etcd:
```
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable etcd
sudo systemctl start etcd
```
### Verification
```
sudo systemctl status etcd
```
```
etcdctl --ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem cluster-health
```
```
cluster may be unhealthy: failed to list members
Error: client: etcd cluster is unavailable or misconfigured
error #0: client: endpoint http://127.0.0.1:2379 exceeded header timeout
error #1: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:4001: getsockopt: connection refused
```
### etcd1
```
gcloud compute ssh etcd1
```
Move the TLS certificates in place:
```
sudo mkdir -p /etc/etcd/
```
```
sudo mv ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem /etc/etcd/
```
Download and install the etcd binaries:
```
wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.0.1/etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
```
tar -xvf etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
```
sudo cp etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64/etcdctl /usr/bin/
```
```
sudo cp etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64/etcd /usr/bin/
```
```
sudo mkdir /var/lib/etcd
```
Create the etcd systemd unit file:
```
sudo sh -c 'echo "[Unit]
Description=etcd
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd --name etcd1 \
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://10.240.0.11:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://10.240.0.11:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://10.240.0.11:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://10.240.0.11:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \
--initial-cluster etcd0=https://10.240.0.10:2380,etcd1=https://10.240.0.11:2380,etcd2=https://10.240.0.12:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target" > /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service'
```
Start etcd:
```
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable etcd
sudo systemctl start etcd
```
#### Verification
```
sudo systemctl status etcd
```
```
etcdctl --ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem cluster-health
```
```
member 3a57933972cb5131 is unreachable: no available published client urls
member f98dc20bce6225a0 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.240.0.10:2379
member ffed16798470cab5 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.240.0.11:2379
cluster is healthy
```
### etcd2
```
gcloud compute ssh etcd2
```
Move the TLS certificates in place:
```
sudo mkdir -p /etc/etcd/
```
```
sudo mv ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem /etc/etcd/
```
Download and install the etcd binaries:
```
wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.0.1/etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
```
tar -xvf etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
```
sudo cp etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64/etcdctl /usr/bin/
```
```
sudo cp etcd-v3.0.1-linux-amd64/etcd /usr/bin/
```
```
sudo mkdir /var/lib/etcd
```
Create the etcd systemd unit file:
```
sudo sh -c 'echo "[Unit]
Description=etcd
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd --name etcd2 \
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes.pem \
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/kubernetes-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://10.240.0.12:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://10.240.0.12:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://10.240.0.12:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://10.240.0.12:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \
--initial-cluster etcd0=https://10.240.0.10:2380,etcd1=https://10.240.0.11:2380,etcd2=https://10.240.0.12:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target" > /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service'
```
Start etcd:
```
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable etcd
sudo systemctl start etcd
```
#### Verification
```
sudo systemctl status etcd
```
```
etcdctl --ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.pem cluster-health
```
```
member 3a57933972cb5131 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.240.0.12:2379
member f98dc20bce6225a0 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.240.0.10:2379
member ffed16798470cab5 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.240.0.11:2379
cluster is healthy
```