kubernetes-the-hard-way/docs/09-bootstrapping-kubernetes-workers.md

# Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Worker Nodes

In this lab you will bootstrap three Kubernetes worker nodes. The following components will be installed on each node: [runc](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc), [container networking plugins](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni), [cri-containerd](https://github.com/containerd/cri-containerd), [kubelet](https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubelet), and [kube-proxy](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/proxies).

## Prerequisites

The commands in this lab must be run on each worker instance: `worker-0`, `worker-1`, and `worker-2`. Login to each worker instance using the `gcloud` command. Example:

```
gcloud compute ssh worker-0
```

## Provisioning a Kubernetes Worker Node

Install the OS dependencies:

```
sudo apt-get -y install socat conntrack ipset
```

> The socat binary enables support for the `kubectl port-forward` command.

### Download and Install Worker Binaries

```
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
  https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.0.0-rc5/runc.amd64 \
  https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.6.0/cni-plugins-amd64-v0.6.0.tgz \
  https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.1.0/containerd-1.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz \
  https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.10.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl \
  https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.10.2/bin/linux/amd64/kube-proxy \
  https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.10.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubelet
```

Create the installation directories:

```
sudo mkdir -p \
  /etc/cni/net.d \
  /opt/cni/bin \
  /var/lib/kubelet \
  /var/lib/kube-proxy \
  /var/lib/kubernetes \
  /var/run/kubernetes
```

Install the worker binaries:

```
chmod +x runc.amd64
```

```
sudo mv runc.amd64 /usr/local/bin/runc
```

```
sudo tar -xvf cni-plugins-amd64-v0.6.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin/
```

```
sudo tar -xvf containerd-1.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /
```

```
chmod +x kubectl kube-proxy kubelet
```

```
sudo mv kubectl kube-proxy kubelet /usr/local/bin/
```

### Configure CNI Networking

Retrieve the Pod CIDR range for the current compute instance:

```
POD_CIDR=$(curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
  http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/pod-cidr)
```

Create the `bridge` network configuration file:

```
cat > 10-bridge.conf <<EOF
{
    "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
    "name": "bridge",
    "type": "bridge",
    "bridge": "cnio0",
    "isGateway": true,
    "ipMasq": true,
    "ipam": {
        "type": "host-local",
        "ranges": [
          [{"subnet": "${POD_CIDR}"}]
        ],
        "routes": [{"dst": "0.0.0.0/0"}]
    }
}
EOF
```

Create the `loopback` network configuration file:

```
cat > 99-loopback.conf <<EOF
{
    "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
    "type": "loopback"
}
EOF
```

Move the network configuration files to the CNI configuration directory:

```
sudo mv 10-bridge.conf 99-loopback.conf /etc/cni/net.d/
```

### Configure containerd

```
cat > containerd.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=containerd container runtime
Documentation=https://containerd.io
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe overlay
ExecStart=/bin/containerd
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
OOMScoreAdjust=-999
LimitNOFILE=1048576
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
```

### Configure the Kubelet

```
sudo mv ${HOSTNAME}-key.pem ${HOSTNAME}.pem /var/lib/kubelet/
```

```
sudo mv ${HOSTNAME}.kubeconfig /var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig
```

```
sudo mv ca.pem /var/lib/kubernetes/
```

Create the `kubelet-config.yaml` configuration file:

```
cat > kubelet-config.yaml <<EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: "/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem"
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
clusterDomain: "cluster.local"
clusterDNS:
  - "10.32.0.10"
podCIDR: "${POD_CIDR}"
runtimeRequestTimeout: "15m"
tlsCertFile: "/var/lib/kubelet/${HOSTNAME}.pem"
tlsPrivateKeyFile: "/var/lib/kubelet/${HOSTNAME}-key.pem"
EOF
```

```
sudo mv kubelet-config.yaml /var/lib/kubelet/kubelet-config.yaml
```

Create the `kubelet.service` systemd unit file:

```
cat > kubelet.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=containerd.service
Requires=containerd.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \\
  --config=/var/lib/kubelet/kubelet-config.yaml \\
  --container-runtime=remote \\
  --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock \\
  --image-pull-progress-deadline=2m \\
  --kubeconfig=/var/lib/kubelet/kubeconfig \\
  --network-plugin=cni \\
  --register-node=true \\
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
```

### Configure the Kubernetes Proxy

```
sudo mv kube-proxy.kubeconfig /var/lib/kube-proxy/kubeconfig
```

Create the `kube-proxy-config.yaml` configuration file:

```
cat > kube-proxy-config.yaml <<EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: "/var/lib/kube-proxy/kubeconfig"
mode: "iptables"
clusterCIDR: "10.200.0.0/16"
EOF
```

```
sudo mv kube-proxy-config.yaml /var/lib/kube-proxy/kube-proxy-config.yaml
```

Create the `kube-proxy.service` systemd unit file:

```
cat > kube-proxy.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube Proxy
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \\
  --config=/var/lib/kube-proxy/kube-proxy-config.yaml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
```

### Start the Worker Services

```
sudo mv containerd.service kubelet.service kube-proxy.service /etc/systemd/system/
```

```
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
```

```
sudo systemctl enable containerd kubelet kube-proxy
```

```
sudo systemctl start containerd kubelet kube-proxy
```

> Remember to run the above commands on each worker node: `worker-0`, `worker-1`, and `worker-2`.

## Verification

Login to one of the controller nodes:

```
gcloud compute ssh controller-0
```

List the registered Kubernetes nodes:

```
kubectl get nodes
```

> output

```
NAME       STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
worker-0   Ready     <none>    20s       v1.10.2
worker-1   Ready     <none>    20s       v1.10.2
worker-2   Ready     <none>    20s       v1.10.2
```

Next: [Configuring kubectl for Remote Access](10-configuring-kubectl.md)